Modified release film coatings can be applied to pharmaceutical products to achieve modification, control the release of a medicinal substance. All coatings on the kinetics of drug release can be divided into the following four types: Coatings that provide periodic release of LV (intermittent release). This type includes coatings resistant to the effects of gastric juice — intestinal soluble coatings. Coatings that provide instant release of LV. Coatings that provide a steady (continuous) release of LV. Coatings that provide delayed (delayed) release of LV. Let's look at each type of coatings in more detail. Coatings that provide periodic release of the medicinal substance. This type of coating provides a prolonged effect of the dosage form, when injected into the body, LV is released in portions,...
With this type of coating, the medicinal substance from the tablets can be released instantly. These types of coatings include polymers developed by BASF: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Kollicoat IR white and Kollicoat Protect. PVS-based films are very elastic, but the coating process is possible only in a narrow range of varying technological parameters. This polymer is rapidly dispersed in water during the preparation of the dispersion for the film coating, forms shiny, non-sticky and very flexible films that do not crack during storage. The addition of a plasticizer is not required to create a coating. Kollicoat IR can be replaced by GPMC and other coatings with immediate release of LV in new tablet preparations. The use of Kollicoat IR increases the cost-effectiveness of the coating...
When grinding solid materials on the equipment discussed earlier, a homogeneous product is practically not obtained, Therefore, such an operation as sieving is necessary to separate larger particles. Sieving is an integral part of grinding to obtain a mixture with a certain granulometric composition. Sieving eliminates soft conglomerates of powders by rubbing them through perforated plates or sieves with a certain size of holes. Sieving, or screening, is the process of separating a mixture of grains of various sizes using sieves into two (or more) groups. The size of the grains passing through the sieve cells is characterized by a number. There are 16 different sieves, which correspond to 7 degrees of grinding.
The stage of preparation of the suppository base begins with the weighing of its components. In the first stainless steel reactor with a steam jacket, paraffin is melted, in the second reactor, hydrofluid is melted by supplying steam to the steam jacket. The heated hydrofluid is pumped into a reactor with pre-melted paraffin. The mixture is heated to a temperature of 60-70 °With and add cocoa butter. In order to avoid changing the modification of cocoa butter, the heating should not exceed 70 ° C and be prolonged. After the base is completely melted, it is stirred for 40 minutes using a stirrer. In the finished base, the melting point and the time of complete deformation are determined.
There are several methods of making suppositories, among them: rolling out, pressing and pouring the molten mass into molds. The rolling out method is often used in pharmacy practice. This method is labor-intensive, low-hygienic, and the resulting suppositories differ slightly in appearance. Waxed capsules are used as packaging for suppositories. The pressing method makes it possible to produce suppositories like tablets in eccentric (crank) tablet machines using matrices and punches of the appropriate shape. The production of such suppositories is based on the transformation of fat suppository masses into powder form, which allows it to pour out freely from the loading funnel. To achieve the accuracy of dosing and the necessary flowability, the suppository mass is cooled in the refrigerator to a temperature of 3-5...
Direct pressing is the process of pressing non—granulated powders. From the technological scheme for obtaining tablets, it can be seen that direct pressing allows you to exclude 3-4 technological operations from the production process. The direct pressing method has a number of advantages, including: reduction of the production cycle time due to the abolition of a number of operations and stages; use of less equipment; reduction of production areas; reduction of energy and labor costs; production of tablets from moisture-, thermolabile materials and incompatible substances. The disadvantages of the direct pressing method include: the possibility of delamination of the tablet mass; changing the dosage when pressing with a small amount of active substances; the need to use high pressure. Some of these disadvantages are minimized...
When microencapsulating solid particles by polymerization and polycondensation methods, a polymerization initiator is pre-grafted onto the surface of the encapsulated substance.
To study the formation of pellets (microspheres), it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of formation and growth of granules. Some theories were derived from experimental data, others were derived from visual observations. Conventional granulation as the most fully studied and classified process of formation of microspheres, carried out using different equipment, was divided into three successive stages: the stage of core formation, the transitional stage and the stage of sphere growth. However, based on experiments to study the mechanism of formation and growth of microspheres, the following mechanisms of microspheres growth have been proposed: core formation, joining, layering and transfer of material by friction.
Adhesive plasters "Uniplast fixing", "Bactericidal Veropharm" and "Uniplast bactericidal" Modern industrial production of plasters is characterized by a wide range of products. Therefore, it is not possible to consider in detail in one section the production of all types of plasters. In order to understand the specifics of the technological production of plasters, as well as to get acquainted with the main types of equipment used, as an example, consider the production of adhesive plasters "Uniplast fixing", "Bactericidal Veropharm" and "Uniplast bactericidal", organized at the Voronezh Chemical and Pharmaceutical Plant, which is part of JSC "VEROPHARM". The adhesive plaster "Uniplast fixing" is produced in accordance with international quality standards. It is hypoallergenic, has high breathability, is easily and painlessly removed, easily tears without using scissors...
Microspheres can also be made by layering a medicinal substance on inert microspheres. The layering process is a sequential application of layers of a medicinal substance from a solution, suspension or dry powder to the nuclei. The nuclei can be crystals or granules of the same material or inert particles. When layered from a solution or suspension, the particles of the medicinal substance are dissolved or suspended in a liquid. When the powder is layered, complete dissolution does not occur due to the small amount of liquid, regardless of the solubility of the active component in the liquid. When powder coating of the drug, the binder solution is first sprayed onto the inert nuclei, and then the powder is applied. By adding a layer-forming component,...
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