PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

Problems encountered during coating application

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6580179

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As in the case of sugar coatings, problems may arise after or during the application of the film coating. Tablets, Pellets and granules on which the coating is applied may not be strong enough or delaminate during the coating process. Due to the fact that film coatings are relatively thin, their ability to hide defects is significantly lower than that of sugar coating. When using a film coating, various problems may arise. One example is sticking, which occurs when the fluid flow rate exceeds the drying rate, which causes the gluing of tablets, pellets and granules and their further destruction.

Basic requirements for tablets

7852

6580876

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The following requirements are imposed on tablets: dosing accuracy — uniformity (uniformity) of the distribution of the active substance in the tablet, the correctness of the weight of both the tablet itself and the medicinal substances included in it; mechanical strength — hardness, brittleness, fragility — characterize the quality of tablets; tablets must have sufficient strength to remain intact under mechanical influences during packaging, transportation and storage; disintegration or solubility — the ability to disintegrate or dissolve within the time limits established by the relevant scientific and technical documentation (NTD) for certain types of tablets. The accuracy of dosing depends on the uniformity of the tableted mass, which is ensured by careful mixing of medicinal and auxiliary substances and their uniform distribution in the total...

Industrial production of suppositories

7895

6581306

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There are several methods of making suppositories, among them: rolling out, pressing and pouring the molten mass into molds. The rolling out method is often used in pharmacy practice. This method is labor-intensive, low-hygienic, and the resulting suppositories differ slightly in appearance. Waxed capsules are used as packaging for suppositories. The pressing method makes it possible to produce suppositories like tablets in eccentric (crank) tablet machines using matrices and punches of the appropriate shape. The production of such suppositories is based on the transformation of fat suppository masses into powder form, which allows it to pour out freely from the loading funnel. To achieve the accuracy of dosing and the necessary flowability, the suppository mass is cooled in the refrigerator to a temperature of 3-5...

Direct pressing of powders in production

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6581314

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Direct pressing is the process of pressing non—granulated powders. From the technological scheme for obtaining tablets, it can be seen that direct pressing allows you to exclude 3-4 technological operations from the production process. The direct pressing method has a number of advantages, including: reduction of the production cycle time due to the abolition of a number of operations and stages; use of less equipment; reduction of production areas; reduction of energy and labor costs; production of tablets from moisture-, thermolabile materials and incompatible substances. The disadvantages of the direct pressing method include: the possibility of delamination of the tablet mass; changing the dosage when pressing with a small amount of active substances; the need to use high pressure. Some of these disadvantages are minimized...

Polymerization and polycondensation

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6581721

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When microencapsulating solid particles by polymerization and polycondensation methods, a polymerization initiator is pre-grafted onto the surface of the encapsulated substance.

Pelletizing in pharmaceutical production

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6581341

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To study the formation of pellets (microspheres), it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of formation and growth of granules. Some theories were derived from experimental data, others were derived from visual observations. Conventional granulation as the most fully studied and classified process of formation of microspheres, carried out using different equipment, was divided into three successive stages: the stage of core formation, the transitional stage and the stage of sphere growth. However, based on experiments to study the mechanism of formation and growth of microspheres, the following mechanisms of microspheres growth have been proposed: core formation, joining, layering and transfer of material by friction.

Industrial production of plasters

7857

6580923

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Adhesive plasters "Uniplast fixing", "Bactericidal Veropharm" and "Uniplast bactericidal" Modern industrial production of plasters is characterized by a wide range of products. Therefore, it is not possible to consider in detail in one section the production of all types of plasters. In order to understand the specifics of the technological production of plasters, as well as to get acquainted with the main types of equipment used, as an example, consider the production of adhesive plasters "Uniplast fixing", "Bactericidal Veropharm" and "Uniplast bactericidal", organized at the Voronezh Chemical and Pharmaceutical Plant, which is part of JSC "VEROPHARM". The adhesive plaster "Uniplast fixing" is produced in accordance with international quality standards. It is hypoallergenic, has high breathability, is easily and painlessly removed, easily tears without using scissors...

Pelletizing by layering

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6581343

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Microspheres can also be made by layering a medicinal substance on inert microspheres. The layering process is a sequential application of layers of a medicinal substance from a solution, suspension or dry powder to the nuclei. The nuclei can be crystals or granules of the same material or inert particles. When layered from a solution or suspension, the particles of the medicinal substance are dissolved or suspended in a liquid. When the powder is layered, complete dissolution does not occur due to the small amount of liquid, regardless of the solubility of the active component in the liquid. When powder coating of the drug, the binder solution is first sprayed onto the inert nuclei, and then the powder is applied. By adding a layer-forming component,...

Rotary tableting machines

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6581494

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Rotary tablet machines (RTM), unlike eccentric ones, have a large number of matrices and punches. The matrices are mounted in a rotating matrix table. The pressure in the RTM increases gradually, which ensures a soft and uniform pressing of the tablets. rTMS have high productivity (up to 0.5 million tablets per hour). The technological cycle of tableting on RTM consists of a number of sequential operations: Filling the matrices with tableted material (volumetric dosing method). Actually pressing. Ejection. Dropping pills. The operations are performed sequentially in automatic mode. The upper and lower punches slide along the guides (caps) and pass between the pressing rollers, exerting simultaneous pressure on them. The pressure increases and decreases gradually, which leads to uniform and soft pressing of the tablet…

Basic requirements of gmp soft dosage forms

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6580926

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In the production of ointments, creams and other soft dosage forms, there is a particularly high risk of microbial and other contamination. Therefore, special measures are needed to prevent any contamination. Soft dosage forms have specific rheological properties and in most cases are heterogeneous dispersed systems. Therefore, in order to avoid heterogeneity of the product due to uneven distribution of components, formation of gas emulsions and destabilization of dispersed systems, special attention should be paid to the proper conduct of the technological process, the equipment used and the temperature conditions of product storage. Requirements for production facilities and equipment. The environment of the premises, taking into account all measures to protect production, should pose a minimal risk in terms of contamination of materials and products.