TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME OF OINTMENT PRODUCTION

Diphilic bases

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Diphilic bases have a soft consistency and are easily distributed over the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. Diphilic bases are divided into two groups - absorption and emulsion. Absorption bases are hydrophobic. These are anhydrous compositions of hydrophobic bases with an emulsifier (surfactant), which have the ability to incorporate the aqueous phase to form an emulsion system of the water—oil type. Their composition most often includes mixtures of petroleum jelly, petroleum jelly oil, ceresine and other hydrocarbons with emulsifiers. Surfactants, which are part of the absorption bases, usually contribute to enhancing the therapeutic activity of ointments. Absorption Diphilic bases can be divided into two groups: Diphilic bases consisting of hydrocarbons and emulsifiers (surfactants) of the water—oil type (vaseline and lanolin or wool wax...

Hydrophobic bases

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Hydrophobic, or lipophilic, bases are chemically heterogeneous substances and their mixtures with pronounced hydrophobicity. This group includes: fat bases; hydrocarbon bases; silicone bases. Fat bases include animal, vegetable and hydrogenated fats, as well as waxes. Animal fats by chemical nature are triglycerides of higher fatty acids. By their properties, they are close to the fatty secretions of the skin. In addition, fats contain unsaponifiable components, among which cholesterol predominates. Of animal fats, pork fat is the most common — Adeps suillus seu Axungiaporcina (depurata). It is a mixture of triglycerides of stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. Pork fat also contains a small amount of cholesterol. It is a white mass almost odorless with a melting point of 34-36 "C. Ointments on pork fat are...