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Ointment base, providing maximum therapeutic effect, should meet the following requirements: to have a soft consistency, necessary for convenient application of ointment to the skin and mucous membranes; to have chemical stability, which guarantees the absence of interaction with medecines and changes under the influence of external factors (air, light, moisture, temperature) and, therefore, provides stability of ointment; to be biologically harmless, ie do not cause allergic, irritating and sensitizing effect of ointments; It is known that the outer layer of the skin (epidermis) normally has an acidic reaction, which prevents the multiplication of microorganisms. Therefore, the requirement of neutrality of ointment bases is of great importance; possess antimicrobial stability, as the presence of microorganisms can be the cause of re-infection of inflamed skin and mucosa, as well as reducing the activity of medecines and changes in the consistency of ointments; ointment residues should be easily removed from the linen, skin surface, especially from its hairy areas, which is of great practical importance; properties of the base should correspond to the nature of the action and purpose of ointments. Bases for surface ointments should not contribute to deep absorption of medecines. Bases for ointments resorptive action, on the contrary, should provide absorption of medecines through the stratum corneum of the skin, as well as through hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands. Bases for protective ointments should dry quickly and tightly adhere to the surface of the skin. However, ointment bases that fully satisfy these requirements do not exist. Therefore, mixtures of different substances (complex ointment bases) are often used to obtain the required base quality.
Pharmaceutical Glossary
Technical specifications
Dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, etc. are added to such compositions as wetting agents. The range of absorbent hydrophobic bases is quite large. They are included in pharmacopoeias of many countries of the world. Emulsion bases. Depending on the nature of the base, physicochemical properties of surfactants and the value of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) emulsion bases are divided into two groups: emulsion bases of the I type of oil-water type; emulsion bases of the II type of water-oil type. Emulsion bases of oil-water type are formed at certain ratios of hydrophobic components and water with the participation of one or more surfactants (GLB = 13-15), contributing to the formation of emulsions of the first kind. Such emulsions are tiny oil droplets uniformly distributed in water. They can be sodium, ammonium, triethanolamine soaps, alkyl sulfates, non-ionogenic surfactants (tweens, diethylene glycol stearate, etc.), sodium, ammonium and amine forms of bentonites, mixtures of anionic and non-ionogenic surfactants. Emulsion bases of water-oil type consist of hydrophobic substances, surfactants (GLB = 3-6) and water. Type II emulsions are tiny water droplets uniformly distributed in the oil. These emulsion bases include an alloy of petroleum jelly with aqueous lanolin, water-vaseline emulsion grease, etc. The number of emulsion bases of water-oil type used in the world practice for preparation of ointments is very large and there is no possibility to describe them in detail in this section. We will give only characteristic examples of such bases. The simplest emulsion bases include at least three components: emulsifier, hydrophobic substance and water. Depending on the purpose of the ointment and the properties of the drug substance, various additives may be introduced into the composition of emulsion bases.
Additional information
Due to the specificity of the internal structure emulsion ointment bases have a number of very valuable properties: accelerate the absorption of medecines from ointments by the skin, easily applied to the skin and washed off, do not interfere with thee-plogaso-exchange of the skin, easily incorporate both water- and fat-soluble substances, etc. The best known emulsion base is aqueous lanolin. Aqueous lanolin is a thick viscous mass of yellow-white color consisting of 70 parts of anhydrous lanolin and 30 parts of water. Aqueous lanolin cannot be heated: like any emulsion system, it splits when heated. Emulsion bases are increasingly used in dermatological practice due to its ability to dramatically increase the absorption of skin drug substances included in the ointment. Emulsion bases of the water-oil type, applied to the skin in a sufficiently dense layer, impede skin transpiration and cause its maceration (softening) and warming, leading to increased blood saturation of the skin. Macerated and slightly hyperemic skin, in turn, is characterized by an increased ability to resorb medecines. Ointments prepared on emulsion bases, characterized by low viscosity, easily applied to the skin and easily removed from it, have a pleasant appearance. Their use has a favorable effect on the skin: reduces dryness, increases elasticity, reduces inflammatory response. Due to the significant water content, emulsion bases are cheaper than anhydrous fatty bases. The choice of ointment base depends on the object and nature of the disease, as well as on the physicochemical properties of the prescribed medecines.
Order status tracking
Contract #12, the deadline for delivery has already passed. Take action at last. Accelerate Tsibulsky R.G. 06/05/2024 01:07
Hello Andrew, we are on vacation on weekends and are not able to respond to messages. Raise the contract, delivery time of equipment to your warehouse in Budapest to 50 working ( not calendar) days. Action taken. 06/05/2024 01:10
Good afternoon, I am hoping tomorrow until 17:30 to get the UNIC 600A Tablet Press in Split ! Please comment. 06/05/2024 01:17
Good day, Samuel! Our manager has communicated with the delivery service, the equipment will be delivered to Split at your address. Please let us know when you receive it. 06/05/2024 01:17
Dear Roman. Deadline (time) I am waiting for your quotation for a machine for removing tablets and capsules from blister packs MB-10 with delivery. 06/05/2024 01:27
Hello Penelope, By the specified time we will send the offer to your e-mail. Now we are waiting for an answer from the transportation company on the delivery time to Los Angeles . 06/05/2024 01:27
LW-35 automatic PVC+cardboard blister packaging machine has been on the road for 30 days. What news ? 06/05/2024 01:37
Hello Noah, We are on time, tomorrow until 14:30 a driver will contact you about unloading. 06/05/2024 01:39
In Basel ITA-01 tablet and capsule counter, RZ-9 rotary tablet press and manual capsule filling machine. Help when we get it ? 06/05/2024 01:47
Good afternoon, Isabella! We have received from the factories photos of the equipment after packing. Natalia will forward the photos to you. Delivery time to you is 45-50 days. 06/05/2024 01:49
Tell me the NJ-120 automatic capsule machine went ? 06/05/2024 01:57
Mateo, good afternoon. Yes, already between 16:00-18:00 you will receive it. Taking into account the heavy weight of the equipment, we ask you to take care of unloading by forklift in advance. The transportation company does not provide unloading. Only delivery to the address. 06/05/2024 02:00
Have you received payment from our company ? When can we expect delivery ? Please specify realistic terms. 06/05/2024 02:07
Good afternoon Grace, You paid a few hours ago. We told you that the delivery time is 30 to 45 days. after lunch we will get a reply from the manufacturer on the final time frame. 06/05/2024 02:09
Natalia tell me, automatic double-sided labeling machine ST-36 has left the factory, invoice #118. 06/05/2024 02:17
Hello Gabriel, The equipment has been shipped from the transit warehouse and delivery is proceeding as planned. No delays are expected. 06/05/2024 02:19
Granulator for wet granulation ZL-25 and Mixer V-shaped for powders VM-05 under contract No. 15 inform. 06/05/2024 02:27
Hello Oliver, The shipment has arrived at the customs terminal, between 12:00-14:00 is scheduled to be transferred to the transportation company. 06/05/2024 02:30
Please inform me about the status of the order Rotary tablet press RZ-10A in Jacksonville ? 06/05/2024 02:37
Good afternoon, Ella. We have contacted the carrier, delivery is scheduled tomorrow until 14:30. Please let us know when you receive it. Thank you. 06/05/2024 02:37
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING