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Ointment base, providing maximum therapeutic effect, should meet the following requirements: to have a soft consistency, necessary for convenient application of ointment to the skin and mucous membranes; to have chemical stability, which guarantees the absence of interaction with medecines and changes under the influence of external factors (air, light, moisture, temperature) and, therefore, provides stability of ointment; to be biologically harmless, ie do not cause allergic, irritating and sensitizing effect of ointments; It is known that the outer layer of the skin (epidermis) normally has an acidic reaction, which prevents the multiplication of microorganisms. Therefore, the requirement of neutrality of ointment bases is of great importance; possess antimicrobial stability, as the presence of microorganisms can be the cause of re-infection of inflamed skin and mucosa, as well as reducing the activity of medecines and changes in the consistency of ointments; ointment residues should be easily removed from the linen, skin surface, especially from its hairy areas, which is of great practical importance; properties of the base should correspond to the nature of the action and purpose of ointments. Bases for surface ointments should not contribute to deep absorption of medecines. Bases for ointments resorptive action, on the contrary, should provide absorption of medecines through the stratum corneum of the skin, as well as through hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands. Bases for protective ointments should dry quickly and tightly adhere to the surface of the skin. However, ointment bases that fully satisfy these requirements do not exist. Therefore, mixtures of different substances (complex ointment bases) are often used to obtain the required base quality.
Pharmaceutical Glossary
Technical specifications
Dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, etc. are added to such compositions as wetting agents. The range of absorbent hydrophobic bases is quite large. They are included in pharmacopoeias of many countries of the world. Emulsion bases. Depending on the nature of the base, physicochemical properties of surfactants and the value of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) emulsion bases are divided into two groups: emulsion bases of the I type of oil-water type; emulsion bases of the II type of water-oil type. Emulsion bases of oil-water type are formed at certain ratios of hydrophobic components and water with the participation of one or more surfactants (GLB = 13-15), contributing to the formation of emulsions of the first kind. Such emulsions are tiny oil droplets uniformly distributed in water. They can be sodium, ammonium, triethanolamine soaps, alkyl sulfates, non-ionogenic surfactants (tweens, diethylene glycol stearate, etc.), sodium, ammonium and amine forms of bentonites, mixtures of anionic and non-ionogenic surfactants. Emulsion bases of water-oil type consist of hydrophobic substances, surfactants (GLB = 3-6) and water. Type II emulsions are tiny water droplets uniformly distributed in the oil. These emulsion bases include an alloy of petroleum jelly with aqueous lanolin, water-vaseline emulsion grease, etc. The number of emulsion bases of water-oil type used in the world practice for preparation of ointments is very large and there is no possibility to describe them in detail in this section. We will give only characteristic examples of such bases. The simplest emulsion bases include at least three components: emulsifier, hydrophobic substance and water. Depending on the purpose of the ointment and the properties of the drug substance, various additives may be introduced into the composition of emulsion bases.
Additional information
Due to the specificity of the internal structure emulsion ointment bases have a number of very valuable properties: accelerate the absorption of medecines from ointments by the skin, easily applied to the skin and washed off, do not interfere with thee-plogaso-exchange of the skin, easily incorporate both water- and fat-soluble substances, etc. The best known emulsion base is aqueous lanolin. Aqueous lanolin is a thick viscous mass of yellow-white color consisting of 70 parts of anhydrous lanolin and 30 parts of water. Aqueous lanolin cannot be heated: like any emulsion system, it splits when heated. Emulsion bases are increasingly used in dermatological practice due to its ability to dramatically increase the absorption of skin drug substances included in the ointment. Emulsion bases of the water-oil type, applied to the skin in a sufficiently dense layer, impede skin transpiration and cause its maceration (softening) and warming, leading to increased blood saturation of the skin. Macerated and slightly hyperemic skin, in turn, is characterized by an increased ability to resorb medecines. Ointments prepared on emulsion bases, characterized by low viscosity, easily applied to the skin and easily removed from it, have a pleasant appearance. Their use has a favorable effect on the skin: reduces dryness, increases elasticity, reduces inflammatory response. Due to the significant water content, emulsion bases are cheaper than anhydrous fatty bases. The choice of ointment base depends on the object and nature of the disease, as well as on the physicochemical properties of the prescribed medecines.
Order status tracking
Good day, tell me need delivery in Jacksonville to the settlement in the distance of 20 km. Can you organize this? 24/08/2024 13:40
Sebastian, Good afternoon, please send us an email to info@minipress.ru with the exact name of the equipment model, city, and your coordinates. We will calculate the delivery to you. 24/08/2024 13:42
Dear Roman, good afternoon, vacuum powder conveyors QV-05 in quantity of 4 pieces, already on their way to Lucca ? 24/08/2024 13:50
Good afternoon, Sophia! Our manager has sent a scan of the bill of lading to your email. The shipment is on its way. 24/08/2024 13:53
Waiting for delivery to Belgrade of a TR-02 hard gelatin capsule polishing machine. What about it? 24/08/2024 14:00
Hello Emma, on your order we inform you that after lunch the driver will contact you to clarify the time and place of unloading. 24/08/2024 14:03
Waiting for delivery to Stavanger of a TR-02 hard gelatin capsule polishing machine. What about it? 24/08/2024 14:10
Hello Jayden, on your order we inform you that between 16:00-18:00 the driver will contact you to clarify the time and place of unloading. 24/08/2024 14:14
Waiting for delivery to Cluj-Napoca of a TR-02 hard gelatin capsule polishing machine. What about it? 24/08/2024 14:20
Hello Gabriel, on your order we inform you that in the interval from 14:00-16:00 the driver will contact you to clarify the time and place of unloading. 24/08/2024 14:21
Remember me? There's a delivery in the Edinburgh 24/08/2024 14:30
Henry, Hello! We remember all our customers. your blister honey filling machine model MN-82 will be before lunch in Edinburgh . 24/08/2024 14:32
When purchasing the RY-200 centrifugal type powder granulator, I asked for tests on our powder 24/08/2024 14:40
Hello Emily, Please send 2 kg of your raw material to the address given to you by Natalia. After the test, the engineer will inform you about the results. 24/08/2024 14:41
Please advise the delivery status of the order. Desktop ampoule sealing machine RF-01 delivery to Cleveland. Thank you. 24/08/2024 14:50
Lucas, Checked delivery status , your shipment is in transit warehouse in Shanghai. Delivery to Cleveland is scheduled for tomorrow until 12:30. Please notify us upon receipt. 24/08/2024 14:53
Roman, our company bought VL-100 V-shaped powder mixer, but it is not enough for us, can we return it and exchange it for V-300 model? 24/08/2024 15:00
Amelia, good afternoon. When we corresponded with you, I warned you that this is a model with a small load. Unfortunately we can not pick up the equipment. As an option, we will offer our customers with a discount. 24/08/2024 15:02
Hello, is it possible to buy your blistering machine for tablets and capsules MN-80 1 piece with delivery to Boston ( Europe) ? How much time for delivery ? 24/08/2024 15:10
Penelope, hello! We have many customers from your city. Delivery to this region is made by EMC. 24/08/2024 15:11
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- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
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- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING