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One of the most important factors is the intended use of the product, which determines the conditions under which the encapsulated substance is used and its properties are manifested. This determines the choice of film-forming material and the resulting choice of microencapsulation medium. Slow release of the substance by diffusion requires the use of a film-forming material that swells rather than dissolves in the medium in which the microcapsules are used. On the other hand, rapid release can be achieved by selecting a film-forming material that is soluble, meltable or brittle. A further factor is the stability and solubility of the encapsulated substance under microencapsulation conditions. The instability of many substances even at a slight increase in temperature (enzymes, some vitamins, volatile liquids) limits the possibility of using methods involving heating. Methods based on the separation of liquid phases (methods of formation of a new phase from solutions) can be an alternative in this case. In this case, the properties of the substance will determine the choice of dispersion medium and dispersed phase. Of great importance is the cost of the process, so preference is given to methods involving a smaller number of stages and carried out in a continuous mode. The required size of the microcapsules, the content of the encapsulated substance and the efficiency of microencapsulation are also important factors. The above classification of microencapsulation methods, which is based on the nature of the processes occurring during microencapsulation, is rather conventional. In practice, a combination of different methods is often used. Below we will consider the most frequently used in the chemical-pharmaceutical industry methods of microencapsulation.
Pharmaceutical Glossary
Technical specifications
The main component of microcapsules – the substance to be encapsulated – can be in any aggregate state – liquid, solid, gaseous. The existing methods provide the possibility of microencapsulation of both lyophilic and lyophobic substances. The contents of microcapsules may include an inert filler, which is the medium in which the substance was dispersed in the process of microencapsulation, or is necessary for the subsequent functioning of the active substance. The content of the encapsulated substance in the microcapsules is typically 50-95% of the weight of the capsules. This value may vary depending on the technology and conditions of production, the required ratio of shell material and encapsulated substance, as well as on other process parameters: temperature, degree of dispersion, viscosity of the medium, presence of surfactants, etc. The term “microcapsules” or “nanocapsules” can refer to many different structures. One can use molecules within which the active ingredient is trapped, as well as complexes of complex molecules from which nanocapsules or nanospheres are formed. Nanoencapsulation is said to occur when the size of the molecules is less than a few micrometers. When the size of the molecules is less than one millimeter, we speak of microencapsulation. Different classes of substances can be used as shell material or encapsulating matrix: Waxes and lipids: beeswax, candelilla and carnuba waxes, wax emulsions, glycerol distearate, natural and modified fats. Proteins: gelatin, wheat proteins, soy proteins, zein, gluten, etc. Both proteins themselves and their modifications are used. Carbohydrates: starches, maltodextrins, chitosan, sucrose, glucose, ethyl cellulose, acetate cellulose, alginates, etc.
Additional information
Degradable polymers: polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, polybutadiene, etc. The choice of material of shells or encapsulating matrix depends on the purpose, properties and method of release of the encapsulating agent, as well as on the chosen method of microencapsulation. The contents of microcapsules can be released by mechanical destruction of the shells under pressure, by friction, ultrasonic action, melting, by rupture from the inside by vapors or gaseous substances released under changing external conditions, by interaction of the shell substance with the medium when dissolved in it, as well as by diffusion of the contents when the capsule walls swell in the surrounding liquid. Existing methods of microencapsulation can be divided into three main groups: Physical methods of microencapsulation are based on methods of forming shells by mechanical techniques. This group of methods includes fluidized bed coating, extrusion using centrifuges or through tube-in-tube forming devices, vapor condensation (vacuum spraying). Chemical methods are based on chemical transformations leading to film-forming material, namely – formation of a new phase by cross-linking of polymers, poly condensation and polymerization. Both high molecular weight substances (oligomers or polymers) and low molecular weight substances can be subjected to chemical transformations. Physicochemical methods include coacervation, precipitation of film-forming polymer from aqueous medium by adding a component that reduces its solubility, formation of a new phase by temperature change, evaporation of a volatile solvent, solidification of melts in liquid media, extraction substitution, spray drying, and physical adsorption. When selecting a microencapsulation method, several major factors must be considered.
Order status tracking
Roman, can you tell me if my rotary tablet press RZJ-35 has been shipped yet? Don't send it yet, I will send to your factory in China drawings of new punches, different design. 19/05/2024 22:03
Good afternoon, Nora! We're pausing the shipment. Send drawings to the office mail. The terms of production of new punches 20 working days. 19/05/2024 22:05
In Stavanger ITA-01 tablet and capsule counter, RZ-9 rotary tablet press and manual capsule filling machine. Help when we get it ? 19/05/2024 22:13
Good afternoon, Benjamin! We have received from the factories photos of the equipment after packing. Natalia will forward the photos to you. Delivery time to you is 45-50 days. 19/05/2024 22:17
Vacuum powder conveyor QV-01 quantity of 3 pieces, need discount and delivery to San Francisco. 19/05/2024 22:23
Good day Liam, in our catalog all prices are given including delivery to the door of the customer. If you buy 3 pieces we will make a discount of 7%. Delivery to San Francisco is included in the price. 19/05/2024 22:26
Roman hello, what about the automatic filling and sealing machine for sterile ampoules ABF-4D-1, invoice #101. 19/05/2024 22:33
Good afternoon, Elizabeth! We are making a request to the manufacturer. Tomorrow we will send photos and video of testing to your e-mail. 19/05/2024 22:35
Excuse me, I have important information, please do not deliver my shipment, automatic filling and sealing machine for glass ampoules ALG-10 to Skradin, but immediately upon arrival send it to Cinque Terre. 19/05/2024 22:43
Hello Savannah, we will try to resolve this issue for you. 19/05/2024 22:44
Contract #12, the deadline for delivery has already passed. Take action at last. Accelerate Tsibulsky R.G. 19/05/2024 22:53
Hello Mason, we are on vacation on weekends and are not able to respond to messages. Raise the contract, delivery time of equipment to your warehouse in Cinque Terre to 50 working ( not calendar) days. Action taken. 19/05/2024 22:54
Automatic blister packaging machine for PVC+cardboard LW-35 with delivery to Baltimore. We want to track the delivery status. 19/05/2024 23:03
Jackson, hello. The shipment has already arrived. Now it is in the warehouse of the transportation company. Your manager will contact you to clarify the time of delivery to your city. 19/05/2024 23:04
Good afternoon, we have contracted you to deliver a GK-40 dry powder granulator to Saint Petersburg, do you deliver to the terminal or to the actual address? 19/05/2024 23:13
Hello Nora, we deliver all over USA including to Saint Petersburg . The price in the catalog includes any delivery our customer asks for. 19/05/2024 23:17
Excuse me, I have important information, please do not deliver my shipment, automatic filling and sealing machine for glass ampoules ALG-10 to Mariehamn, but immediately upon arrival send it to Rotterdam. 19/05/2024 23:23
Hello James, we will try to resolve this issue for you. 19/05/2024 23:26
Please inform me about the status of the order Rotary tablet press RZ-10A in Las Vegas ? 19/05/2024 23:33
Good afternoon, Matthew. We have contacted the carrier, delivery is scheduled in the morning. Please let us know when you receive it. Thank you. 19/05/2024 23:37
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER