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Visually, the tendency of the surface of powders to wet with water is manifested by: full wetting, in which water completely spreads over the surface of the powder; partial wetting, in which water partially spreads over the surface; full non-wetting, in which a drop of water does not spread, maintaining a shape close to spherical. Hydrophobic (non-wettable by water) substances can be well wetted by other liquids, such as organic solvents. Wettability of medicine substances is important in predicting tablet disintegration. Tablets obtained by pressing well-wetted substances with water easily penetrate water, which accelerates tablet disintegration.
Hygroscopicity is the property of some substances to absorb water vapor from the air. If a powdered mass prepared for tabletting is hygroscopic, it will begin to absorb vapors from the air and dissolve in the absorbed water. If the substance is highly hygroscopic, it predetermines the use of auxiliary substances – moisture stimulants.
Crystallization water – water involved in salt composition during its crystallization (water contained in crystals, being in connection with molecules of substance in strictly defined quantities). Crystallization water molecules determine mechanical (strength, plasticity) and thermal (relation to the temperature of the medium) properties of the crystal and have a significant influence on the behavior of the crystal under pressure. The phenomenon of “cementation” is also closely related to the presence of crystallization water in tableted substances.
Pharmaceutical Glossary
Technical specifications
The size of substance particles determines the choice of tablet production technology, the method and equipment for granulation, the strength and density of the obtained granules and, accordingly, the mechanical properties of the tablets themselves, their disintegration and dissolution. For example, in JSC “Chemical-Pharmaceutical Combine “AKRIHIN” as a result of research of a large number of preparations the practical material confirming the influence of the shape and size of crystals of substances on the parameters of the technological process of obtaining tablet masses and modes of their pressing was obtained. For example, for production of aminalon core tablets only fine crystalline substance is necessary, and aminalon crystals of 500-1000 microns in size give unstable, loose tablets. Tablet dosage form of carbamazepine of proper quality by fluidized bed granulation method can be obtained from micronized substance (up to 20 μm), and by conventional wet granulation method – only from powder with particle size from 50 to 300 μm. To obtain acyclovir tablets with a high dissolution index, the particle size of the substance is standardized – not more than 50 microns. It was also found that glibenclamide tablets have good dissolution indexes only when micronized powder is used.
Especially noticeable is the influence of the shape and particle size of substances on the technological characteristics of tablet mass intended for direct pressing.
It is known that only substances belonging to the cubic system are pressed into tablets directly, i.e. by direct pressing, without granulation and auxiliary substances.
Additional information
The more complex the powder surface, the greater the adhesion and lesser the friability, and vice versa. Since direct pressing is increasingly being introduced into pharmaceutical production due to its clear economic advantages and the emergence of modern high-speed tablet presses with high pressing forces, research aimed at studying and normalizing the technological and rheological parameters of tablet mixtures, as well as their constituents, i.e. active and excipients, is particularly relevant. These studies are especially in demand nowadays, when the number of firms-suppliers of medicine substances has increased dramatically, which often differ significantly from series to series in their physicochemical and technological parameters. Specific surface area is the surface area of a solid substance (powder) referred to the unit of mass or volume. If the substance has a porous structure, the total area of all its pores is taken into account.
Contact surface – surface formed when powder particles come into contact with each other. True density is the limit of the medicine mass to volume ratio at zero powder porosity. Wettability is the ability of powdered medicine substances to interact with various liquids (lyophilicity), and above all with water (hydrophilicity). The surface of solid particles of medicine substances contains a certain number of hydrophilic groups (OH, -SON, etc.) or oxygen atoms, which are structural elements of their crystal lattice, so the wettability of the surface of powders has a different value depending on the intensity of interaction of intermolecular forces.
Order status tracking
You have to pay for delivery to Constance over and above the delivery amount in the contract ? 22/10/2024 10:37
Gabriel, The catalog shows the price with door delivery. The unloading of the equipment, upon receipt of the shipment, will be charged to you separately. 22/10/2024 10:40
Remember me? There's a delivery in the Crete 22/10/2024 10:47
Benjamin, Hello! We remember all our customers. your blister honey filling machine model MN-82 will be after lunch in Crete . 22/10/2024 10:49
Remember me? There's a delivery in the Amsterdam 22/10/2024 10:57
Samuel, Hello! We remember all our customers. your blister honey filling machine model MN-82 will be in the interval from 14:00-16:00 in Amsterdam . 22/10/2024 11:01
Dear Roman, how are you doing? Our company bought more than a year ago a filling and capping machine for penicillin vials, model XL-10. We got financing this year and want the same machine. Will you give us a discount? 22/10/2024 11:07
Aria, thank you. We're doing great. Of course we will give a discount to the regular customer. Delivery of equipment also in Denver ? Contact Natalia, she will send the contract and invoice. 22/10/2024 11:10
Contract #12, the deadline for delivery has already passed. Take action at last. Accelerate Tsibulsky R.G. 22/10/2024 11:17
Hello Eleanor, we are on vacation on weekends and are not able to respond to messages. Raise the contract, delivery time of equipment to your warehouse in Amsterdam to 50 working ( not calendar) days. Action taken. 22/10/2024 11:19
You have to pay for delivery to Antwerp over and above the delivery amount in the contract ? 22/10/2024 11:27
Penelope, The catalog shows the price with door delivery. The unloading of the equipment, upon receipt of the shipment, will be charged to you separately. 22/10/2024 11:31
Good day, tell me need delivery in Indianapolis to the settlement in the distance of 20 km. Can you organize this? 22/10/2024 11:37
Lily, Good afternoon, please send us an email to info@minipress.ru with the exact name of the equipment model, city, and your coordinates. We will calculate the delivery to you. 22/10/2024 11:39
Vacuum powder conveyor QV-01 quantity of 3 pieces, need discount and delivery to San Francisco. 22/10/2024 11:47
Good day Alexander, in our catalog all prices are given including delivery to the door of the customer. If you buy 3 pieces we will make a discount of 7%. Delivery to San Francisco is included in the price. 22/10/2024 11:49
Horizontal granulator for organic fertilizers JU-80, the price is up to date ? Delivery time to Valletta? Urgent. 22/10/2024 11:57
Liam, Please read carefully the description of this model in our catalog. Prices are current. Timing 1-1.5 months. 22/10/2024 11:58
Dear Roman. Deadline (time) I am waiting for your quotation for a machine for removing tablets and capsules from blister packs MB-10 with delivery. 22/10/2024 12:07
Hello Henry, By the specified time we will send the offer to your e-mail. Now we are waiting for an answer from the transportation company on the delivery time to Louisville . 22/10/2024 12:09
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING