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Ozokerite contains sulfur and resins and is used as a sealant. Cerezin is obtained from ozokerite by additional purification. It is an amorphous colorless brittle mass with a melting point of 68-72 °C. Cerezin resembles beeswax in properties and is used as a sealant. Artificial vaseline is an alloy of paraffin, ozokerite and ceresin in various ratios. The most qualitative is artificial petroleum jelly with ceresin. Polyethylene or polypropylene gels are alloys of low molecular weight polyethylene or polypropylene with mineral oils. They are fairly indifferent and compatible with a number of drugs. These gels, like petroleum jelly, can be used for superficial ointments. Naphthalan refined oil is a thick syrupy liquid of black color with greenish fluorescence and a specific odor. It is well mixed with fatty oils and glycerin and has a local anesthetic and antimicrobial effect. To obtain ointment base naphthalan oil is thickened with paraffin or vaseline.
Silicone bases are high molecular weight organosilicon compounds. They are used as a constituent component of complex ointment bases. They form homogeneous alloys with vaseline or anhydrous lanolin and mix well with fatty and mineral oils. Silicone bases are obtained by two methods: fusion of silicone liquid with other hydrophobic components and thickening of silicone liquid with aerosil. The most widely used silicone liquids are Esilon-4 and Esilon-5, which have the best compatibility with drugs and other components of bases. In appearance they are colorless transparent oily liquids without odor and taste. Their advantages are high stability, chemical indifference and heat resistance. In addition, they do not disturb physiological functions of the skin, do not have an irritating effect, little disruption of gas exchange and do not go rancid.
Esilons are miscible with ether, chloroform, vaseline oil and are not miscible with water and glycerin. The disadvantages of esilons include slow release of drug substances, so they can be used only for ointments of superficial action.
They also cause lesions to the conjunctiva of the eye, hence cannot be used in ocular ointments. Thus, these substances by physicochemical properties are close to hydrocarbon bases, and by speed and depth of absorption of drugs – to fatty bases.
Pharmaceutical Glossary
Technical specifications
The consistency of hydrogenated fats depending on the conditions of hydrogenation can be different – from semi-liquid to solid. Having positive qualities of animal fats, they are characterized by greater stability, better mixed with water, but worse absorbed.
Waxes are esters of fatty acids and higher monoatomic alcohols. Waxes are chemically inert, and many of them mix well with water. Waxes fuse well with fats and carbohydrates and serve to thicken ointments and increase their viscosity. Waxes include anhydrous lanolin and beeswax. Anhydrous lanolin is an animal wax obtained by washing sheep’s wool. It is a thick, viscous brownish-yellow mass with a peculiar odor and is distinguished from other waxes by its high content of sterols (particularly cholesterol). Lanolin melts at a temperature of 36-42 “C, well absorbed into the skin and has a softening effect. The composition of lanolin is very complex and has not been fully studied to date. Basically, it is a mixture of esters of high-molecular alcohols (cholesterol, isocholesterol, etc.) with higher fatty acids (myristic, palmitic, cerotinic, etc.) and free high-molecular alcohols. In terms of properties, lanolin is close to human sebum. Chemically it is quite inert, neutral and stable during storage. The most valuable property of lanolin is its ability to emulsify up to 180-200 % (of its own weight) of water, up to 140 % of glycerin and about 40 % of ethanol (70 % of concentration) to form water-in-oil emulsions. Addition of a small amount of lanolin to fats and hydrocarbons sharply increases their ability to mix with water and aqueous solutions. The disadvantages of anhydrous lanolin as a base are high viscosity and difficulty of smearing, which does not allow to use it in its pure form. Beeswax is extracted by melting emptied bee honeycomb. It is a solid brittle mass of dark yellow color with a characteristic honey odor and melting point of 62-68 ° C. It becomes plastic at a temperature of 35 °C. At a temperature of 35 ° C it becomes plastic. Beeswax. is a mixture of esters (High molecular weight alcohols and palmitic acid, and also contains cerotinic acid. It has a slight emulsifying property and increases the absorbency of water-based liquids. White wax-derived from yellow wax by bleaching it in sunlight. It is inferior in quality to yellow wax because it becomes contaminated and partially rancid during bleaching. It is also more fragile.
Additional information
Hydrocarbon bases are similar in appearance and consistency to fats. They are mixtures of solid or solid and liquid limiting hydrocarbons. These bases are characterized by high chemical resistance, stability and compatibility with most drugs, but they are almost not absorbed by the skin and difficult to wash off.
The most widely used are the following bases: petroleum jelly, solid paraffin, vaseline oil, ozokerite, ceresin, artificial petroleum jelly, polyethylene or polypropylene gels and refined naphthalan oil. Vaseline is obtained as a result of petroleum refining. It is a homogeneous viscous stretching mass with a melting point of 37-50 “С. Vaseline is of two types: yellow and white. White petroleum jelly is obtained from yellow petroleum jelly by bleaching it.
By their properties, both types are the same. Vaseline is chemically indifferent, stable in storage and when melted forms a transparent liquid with a faint odor of paraffin and oil. Vaseline mixes with fats and fatty vegetable oils (except castor oil), slowly and does not fully release drug substances, so it can be used only for ointments of superficial action. Skin it is almost not absorbed, has no irritant effect and poorly mixed with water, in connection with which it is often combined with lanolin. This allows to increase the absorption of drugs from ointments. The disadvantages of petroleum jelly include violation of the physiological function of the skin. Many researchers note that the more in the composition of petroleum jelly includes solid paraffins and ozokerite, the worse it is in quality. Vaseline often causes allergies, it should not be used by people with dermatitis, eczema and sensitive skin. Vaseline is poorly removed from the place of application. If 60% of human skin is smeared with petroleum jelly, it can be fatal. For eye ointments, a special grade of Vaseline of the highest purity is used. Solid paraffin is also obtained during oil refining. It is a white solid fine-crystalline mass, greasy to the touch with a melting point of 50-57 ° C. Paraffin is chemically resistant. Paraffin is chemically resistant, is not saponified by caustic alkalis and does not mix well with water and other substances. Paraffin is used as a sealing agent for ointment bases. Vaseline oil (liquid paraffin) is a colorless oily liquid that softens ointment bases. Vaseline oil is mixed with fats and vegetable oils (except castor oil) and has all the disadvantages of petroleum jelly.
Ozokerite (mountain wax) – is a wax-like mineral of dark brown color with the smell of oil and melting point 50-65 “C. Chemically, it is a mixture of high-molecular hydrocarbons.
Order status tracking
Horizontal granulator for organic fertilizers JU-80, the price is up to date ? Delivery time to Frankfurt? Urgent. 20/05/2024 02:14
Victoria, Please read carefully the description of this model in our catalog. Prices are current. Timing 1-1.5 months. 20/05/2024 02:15
I'm waiting to get my XL-12 plastic bottle filling and capping machine to Mont St. Michel, then I want to buy an automatic capsule machine model GN-28 20/05/2024 02:24
Good afternoon, Emma! On the first question - the shipment will arrive in Mont St. Michel in the interval from 14:00-16:00. On the second question - the model GN-28 will be processed under a new contract ? Contact the office. 20/05/2024 02:27
Granulator for wet granulation ZL-25 and Mixer V-shaped for powders VM-05 under contract No. 15 inform. 20/05/2024 02:34
Hello Oliver, The shipment has arrived at the customs terminal, after lunch is scheduled to be transferred to the transportation company. 20/05/2024 02:37
Horizontal granulator for organic fertilizers JU-80, the price is up to date ? Delivery time to Saint Petersburg? Urgent. 20/05/2024 02:44
Samuel, Please read carefully the description of this model in our catalog. Prices are current. Timing 1-1.5 months. 20/05/2024 02:47
When purchasing the RY-200 centrifugal type powder granulator, I asked for tests on our powder 20/05/2024 02:54
Hello Aurora, Please send 2 kg of your raw material to the address given to you by Natalia. After the test, the engineer will inform you about the results. 20/05/2024 02:58
Dear Roman, how are you doing? Our company bought more than a year ago a filling and capping machine for penicillin vials, model XL-10. We got financing this year and want the same machine. Will you give us a discount? 20/05/2024 03:04
Muhammad, thank you. We're doing great. Of course we will give a discount to the regular customer. Delivery of equipment also in Austin ? Contact Natalia, she will send the contract and invoice. 20/05/2024 03:06
I'm waiting to get my XL-12 plastic bottle filling and capping machine to London, then I want to buy an automatic capsule machine model GN-28 20/05/2024 03:14
Good afternoon, Wyatt! On the first question - the shipment will arrive in London in the interval from 14:00-16:00. On the second question - the model GN-28 will be processed under a new contract ? Contact the office. 20/05/2024 03:17
Have you received payment from our company ? When can we expect delivery ? Please specify realistic terms. 20/05/2024 03:24
Good afternoon Elijah, You paid a few hours ago. We told you that the delivery time is 30 to 45 days. between 16:00-18:00 we will get a reply from the manufacturer on the final time frame. 20/05/2024 03:27
Good afternoon, we received the PR-15 powder dispenser in plastic vials, scheduled between 16:00-18:00 to open the box and test. 20/05/2024 03:34
Lila, Good afternoon. Great news, please WhatsApp +79853643808 to send photo and video report. 20/05/2024 03:37
RZW-29 rotary tablet press in Tbilisi. Regards, Grace. 20/05/2024 03:44
Grace, Delivery will be made In the afternoon to Tbilisi . Please have the movers ready. The weight of the equipment is heavy. 20/05/2024 03:44
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS