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At the same time, the primary task in drying materials of biological nature is to preserve the original components, nutritional and therapeutic value, as well as organoleptic properties of products. According to the method of heat supply to the dried material, the following types of drying are distinguished: Convective – by direct contact of the dried material with the drying agent, which is more often used heated air or flue gases (usually mixed with air). Contact – by transferring heat from the heat carrier to the material through the wall separating them. Special; radiation – by transferring heat by infrared rays; dielectric – by heating in a field of high frequency currents; freeze drying – drying in a frozen state under deep vacuum. Many types of dryers are used in the pharmaceutical industry. According to the state of the layer of the dried product distinguish dryers with a fixed layer and moving layer of material. Dryers can be batch and continuous. In this section, the most popular drying methods that are used in the production of drugs in modern pharmaceutical plants, namely fluidized bed drying, spray drying and freeze drying, will be considered.
Pharmaceutical Glossary
Technical specifications
During drying, heat is applied to the product to evaporate water or organic solvent. The drying temperature and its duration depend on the thermolabile nature of the product, the hydrodynamic regime, the product quality requirements and the desired residual moisture content. Since the product cools as the solvent evaporates, in some cases drying can be carried out at relatively high temperatures without overheating the product.
In this case, it is important to ensure intensive heat and mass transfer in the drying process by mixing, carrying out the process in an active hydrodynamic regime, creating a large contact surface of phases. During the thermal drying process, shrinkage of the material is possible, and in case of non-equilibrium heat and mass transfer, the formation of bubbles inside the material or its rupture is possible. The drying process can also be used to impart the necessary properties to the dried products, to obtain dispersed products with a given structure and shape of particles. When drying materials it is necessary to correctly select the method of drying. The choice of a rational drying mode and method of drying can be determined by the properties of a particular material to be dried, the conditions and objectives of this production.
Additional information
When drying powders and granular materials, it is required that the preparation has good bulkiness, does not stick, and has a certain dispersibility. Traceability of powders worsens their technological properties: powders do not lend themselves well to automatic dosing, require additional processing, such as the addition of auxiliary substances. For example, good flowability can be achieved by using a spray dryer. A properly organized drying process can preserve or improve the properties of materials. For example, drying tablet granulate in contact dryers leads to sintering, discoloration, uneven residual moisture content, deterioration of bulkiness, and decomposition of active ingredients. Fluidized bed and spray drying reduces most of these drawbacks. Freeze drying is widely used for drying biologically active drugs, which may lose their biological activity during heat drying. This method of drying requires the investment of large financial and time costs, so it is advisable to use it only in the production of expensive drugs. Today it is especially important to create new drying methods and appropriate equipment for processing thermosensitive materials with the possibility of obtaining a product with specified properties.
Order status tracking
HX-6 Plastic Tube Filling and Sealing Machine in Rome? Price delivery terms and conditions 08/05/2024 03:17
Noah, good afternoon, we have received your request by email. In 15 minutes we will send you our quotation for this model of equipment. 08/05/2024 03:21
Natalia hello, what about the counter table tablets and capsules counter TC-10, account #121. 08/05/2024 03:27
Hello Aurora, Our manager Natalia in the interval from 14:00-16:00 will call you on WhatsApp. I see the tracking status, on the carrier's website, the shipment will arrive to Kuressaare in 15 days. 08/05/2024 03:29
Roman, our company bought VL-100 V-shaped powder mixer, but it is not enough for us, can we return it and exchange it for V-300 model? 08/05/2024 03:37
Aria, good afternoon. When we corresponded with you, I warned you that this is a model with a small load. Unfortunately we can not pick up the equipment. As an option, we will offer our customers with a discount. 08/05/2024 03:40
Vacuum lyophilic freeze dryer LG-30, can we get faster than the contract ? 08/05/2024 03:47
Hello James, Shipments go through several time stages. Manufacturing, delivery from the factory to the warehouse in Beijing or Shanghai, waiting for batch collection, customs clearance and delivery. It's hard to predict. 08/05/2024 03:48
Please inform me about the status of the order Rotary tablet press RZ-10A in Tempe ? 08/05/2024 03:57
Good afternoon, Aria. We have contacted the carrier, delivery is scheduled tomorrow until 14:30. Please let us know when you receive it. Thank you. 08/05/2024 03:57
Rotary tablet press RZK-25 I want to order with delivery to Berlin 08/05/2024 04:07
Good day, Jack We have checked the information on your request, unfortunately the factory has stopped production of this model of equipment. Send to the mail a description of your task, or contact your manager. We will help in any case with the choice. 08/05/2024 04:08
HX-6 Plastic Tube Filling and Sealing Machine in Bruges? Price delivery terms and conditions 08/05/2024 04:17
Ava, good afternoon, we have received your request by email. In 15 minutes we will send you our quotation for this model of equipment. 08/05/2024 04:20
LW-35 automatic PVC+cardboard blister packaging machine has been on the road for 30 days. What news ? 08/05/2024 04:27
Hello Natalie, We are on time, the day after tomorrow a driver will contact you about unloading. 08/05/2024 04:30
Good day, delivery time of semi-automatic drum filling machine DF-10 to Tossa de Mar, will the courier call us? 08/05/2024 04:37
Bella, good afternoon. Natalia will contact you, the shipment has passed customs clearance at the border. 08/05/2024 04:39
Good afternoon, we have contracted you to deliver a GK-40 dry powder granulator to Istanbul, do you deliver to the terminal or to the actual address? 08/05/2024 04:47
Hello Eleanor, we deliver all over USA including to Istanbul . The price in the catalog includes any delivery our customer asks for. 08/05/2024 04:49
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- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
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- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING