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At the same time, the primary task in drying materials of biological nature is to preserve the original components, nutritional and therapeutic value, as well as organoleptic properties of products. According to the method of heat supply to the dried material, the following types of drying are distinguished: Convective – by direct contact of the dried material with the drying agent, which is more often used heated air or flue gases (usually mixed with air). Contact – by transferring heat from the heat carrier to the material through the wall separating them. Special; radiation – by transferring heat by infrared rays; dielectric – by heating in a field of high frequency currents; freeze drying – drying in a frozen state under deep vacuum. Many types of dryers are used in the pharmaceutical industry. According to the state of the layer of the dried product distinguish dryers with a fixed layer and moving layer of material. Dryers can be batch and continuous. In this section, the most popular drying methods that are used in the production of drugs in modern pharmaceutical plants, namely fluidized bed drying, spray drying and freeze drying, will be considered.
Pharmaceutical Glossary
Technical specifications
During drying, heat is applied to the product to evaporate water or organic solvent. The drying temperature and its duration depend on the thermolabile nature of the product, the hydrodynamic regime, the product quality requirements and the desired residual moisture content. Since the product cools as the solvent evaporates, in some cases drying can be carried out at relatively high temperatures without overheating the product.
In this case, it is important to ensure intensive heat and mass transfer in the drying process by mixing, carrying out the process in an active hydrodynamic regime, creating a large contact surface of phases. During the thermal drying process, shrinkage of the material is possible, and in case of non-equilibrium heat and mass transfer, the formation of bubbles inside the material or its rupture is possible. The drying process can also be used to impart the necessary properties to the dried products, to obtain dispersed products with a given structure and shape of particles. When drying materials it is necessary to correctly select the method of drying. The choice of a rational drying mode and method of drying can be determined by the properties of a particular material to be dried, the conditions and objectives of this production.
Additional information
When drying powders and granular materials, it is required that the preparation has good bulkiness, does not stick, and has a certain dispersibility. Traceability of powders worsens their technological properties: powders do not lend themselves well to automatic dosing, require additional processing, such as the addition of auxiliary substances. For example, good flowability can be achieved by using a spray dryer. A properly organized drying process can preserve or improve the properties of materials. For example, drying tablet granulate in contact dryers leads to sintering, discoloration, uneven residual moisture content, deterioration of bulkiness, and decomposition of active ingredients. Fluidized bed and spray drying reduces most of these drawbacks. Freeze drying is widely used for drying biologically active drugs, which may lose their biological activity during heat drying. This method of drying requires the investment of large financial and time costs, so it is advisable to use it only in the production of expensive drugs. Today it is especially important to create new drying methods and appropriate equipment for processing thermosensitive materials with the possibility of obtaining a product with specified properties.
Order status tracking
Good afternoon, we have contracted you to deliver a GK-40 dry powder granulator to Granada, do you deliver to the terminal or to the actual address? 24/10/2024 02:22
Hello Mason, we deliver all over USA including to Granada . The price in the catalog includes any delivery our customer asks for. 24/10/2024 02:25
When purchasing the RY-200 centrifugal type powder granulator, I asked for tests on our powder 24/10/2024 02:32
Hello Joseph, Please send 2 kg of your raw material to the address given to you by Natalia. After the test, the engineer will inform you about the results. 24/10/2024 02:35
Granulator for wet granulation ZL-25 and Mixer V-shaped for powders VM-05 under contract No. 15 inform. 24/10/2024 02:42
Hello Andrew, The shipment has arrived at the customs terminal, tomorrow until 12:30 is scheduled to be transferred to the transportation company. 24/10/2024 02:44
Granulator for wet granulation ZL-25 and Mixer V-shaped for powders VM-05 under contract No. 15 inform. 24/10/2024 02:52
Hello Jackson, The shipment has arrived at the customs terminal, between 12:00-14:00 is scheduled to be transferred to the transportation company. 24/10/2024 02:54
For shipping to Barcelona do you have to pay anything extra ? 24/10/2024 03:02
Good day Owen, In our catalog, all prices are inclusive of shipping to the customer's door. Delivery to Barcelona is included. 24/10/2024 03:05
Good afternoon, we received the PR-15 powder dispenser in plastic vials, scheduled tomorrow until 16:30 to open the box and test. 24/10/2024 03:12
Benjamin, good afternoon. Great news, please send a photo and video report to WhatsApp +79853643808. 24/10/2024 03:15
Who to contact for shipment tracking ? NJ-40 automatic capsule machine in Santa Ana 24/10/2024 03:22
Hello Grace, The shipments are carried by a transportation company. Natalia coordinates this delivery. We will contact you when the shipment arrives to you. 24/10/2024 03:23
The MZ-10 expiration date and date handheld printer has still not been delivered. The driver did not answer and dropped calls yesterday. 24/10/2024 03:32
Hello Alexander, Transportation has advised that tomorrow until 13:30 driver will definitely deliver the box to your address. We apologize. 24/10/2024 03:34
Please inform me about the status of the order Rotary tablet press RZ-10A in Seattle ? 24/10/2024 03:42
Good afternoon, Jack. We have contacted the carrier, delivery is scheduled as stipulated in the contract. Please let us know when you receive it. Thank you. 24/10/2024 03:45
Contract #12, the deadline for delivery has already passed. Take action at last. Accelerate Tsibulsky R.G. 24/10/2024 03:52
Hello Isabella, we are on vacation on weekends and are not able to respond to messages. Raise the contract, delivery time of equipment to your warehouse in Vatican City to 50 working ( not calendar) days. Action taken. 24/10/2024 03:53
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS