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One of the most important factors is the intended use of the product, which determines the conditions under which the encapsulated substance is used and its properties are manifested. This determines the choice of film-forming material and the resulting choice of microencapsulation medium. Slow release of the substance by diffusion requires the use of a film-forming material that swells rather than dissolves in the medium in which the microcapsules are used. On the other hand, rapid release can be achieved by selecting a film-forming material that is soluble, meltable or brittle. A further factor is the stability and solubility of the encapsulated substance under microencapsulation conditions. The instability of many substances even at a slight increase in temperature (enzymes, some vitamins, volatile liquids) limits the possibility of using methods involving heating. Methods based on the separation of liquid phases (methods of formation of a new phase from solutions) can be an alternative in this case. In this case, the properties of the substance will determine the choice of dispersion medium and dispersed phase. Of great importance is the cost of the process, so preference is given to methods involving a smaller number of stages and carried out in a continuous mode. The required size of the microcapsules, the content of the encapsulated substance and the efficiency of microencapsulation are also important factors. The above classification of microencapsulation methods, which is based on the nature of the processes occurring during microencapsulation, is rather conventional. In practice, a combination of different methods is often used. Below we will consider the most frequently used in the chemical-pharmaceutical industry methods of microencapsulation.
Pharmaceutical Glossary
Technical specifications
The main component of microcapsules – the substance to be encapsulated – can be in any aggregate state – liquid, solid, gaseous. The existing methods provide the possibility of microencapsulation of both lyophilic and lyophobic substances. The contents of microcapsules may include an inert filler, which is the medium in which the substance was dispersed in the process of microencapsulation, or is necessary for the subsequent functioning of the active substance. The content of the encapsulated substance in the microcapsules is typically 50-95% of the weight of the capsules. This value may vary depending on the technology and conditions of production, the required ratio of shell material and encapsulated substance, as well as on other process parameters: temperature, degree of dispersion, viscosity of the medium, presence of surfactants, etc. The term “microcapsules” or “nanocapsules” can refer to many different structures. One can use molecules within which the active ingredient is trapped, as well as complexes of complex molecules from which nanocapsules or nanospheres are formed. Nanoencapsulation is said to occur when the size of the molecules is less than a few micrometers. When the size of the molecules is less than one millimeter, we speak of microencapsulation. Different classes of substances can be used as shell material or encapsulating matrix: Waxes and lipids: beeswax, candelilla and carnuba waxes, wax emulsions, glycerol distearate, natural and modified fats. Proteins: gelatin, wheat proteins, soy proteins, zein, gluten, etc. Both proteins themselves and their modifications are used. Carbohydrates: starches, maltodextrins, chitosan, sucrose, glucose, ethyl cellulose, acetate cellulose, alginates, etc.
Additional information
Degradable polymers: polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, polybutadiene, etc. The choice of material of shells or encapsulating matrix depends on the purpose, properties and method of release of the encapsulating agent, as well as on the chosen method of microencapsulation. The contents of microcapsules can be released by mechanical destruction of the shells under pressure, by friction, ultrasonic action, melting, by rupture from the inside by vapors or gaseous substances released under changing external conditions, by interaction of the shell substance with the medium when dissolved in it, as well as by diffusion of the contents when the capsule walls swell in the surrounding liquid. Existing methods of microencapsulation can be divided into three main groups: Physical methods of microencapsulation are based on methods of forming shells by mechanical techniques. This group of methods includes fluidized bed coating, extrusion using centrifuges or through tube-in-tube forming devices, vapor condensation (vacuum spraying). Chemical methods are based on chemical transformations leading to film-forming material, namely – formation of a new phase by cross-linking of polymers, poly condensation and polymerization. Both high molecular weight substances (oligomers or polymers) and low molecular weight substances can be subjected to chemical transformations. Physicochemical methods include coacervation, precipitation of film-forming polymer from aqueous medium by adding a component that reduces its solubility, formation of a new phase by temperature change, evaporation of a volatile solvent, solidification of melts in liquid media, extraction substitution, spray drying, and physical adsorption. When selecting a microencapsulation method, several major factors must be considered.
Order status tracking
PU-250 flow-pack packaging machine, please advise delivery status. 03/07/2024 01:34
Hello Bella, your equipment is undergoing customs clearance. Your manager Natalia will contact you tomorrow until 12:30 03/07/2024 01:35
Mixer with paddle for powders CX-100 what is the exact packing size ? 03/07/2024 01:44
Benjamin, Hello! Packing dimensions 1200x640x1000 mm, packing weight 250 kg. Please let me know when you receive the shipment. 03/07/2024 01:46
Horizontal granulator for organic fertilizers JU-80, the price is up to date ? Delivery time to Edinburgh? Urgent. 03/07/2024 01:54
Daniel, Please read carefully the description of this model in our catalog. Prices are current. Timing 1-1.5 months. 03/07/2024 01:56
LW-35 automatic PVC+cardboard blister packaging machine has been on the road for 30 days. What news ? 03/07/2024 02:04
Hello Olivia, We are on time, the day after tomorrow a driver will contact you about unloading. 03/07/2024 02:04
Please inform me about the status of the order Rotary tablet press RZ-10A in Nashville ? 03/07/2024 02:14
Good afternoon, Amelia. We have contacted the carrier, delivery is scheduled as agreed. Please let us know when you receive it. Thank you. 03/07/2024 02:17
Good afternoon! semi-automatic liquid filling machine in barrels DF-13 , a copy of the payment is sent to the post. Start the order to work. 03/07/2024 02:24
Joseph, good afternoon! We have seen your payment, we receive SMS from the bank. Please send drawings of barrels and answers to our questions in correspondence. 03/07/2024 02:27
Remember me? There's a delivery in the Nice 03/07/2024 02:34
Ella, Hello! We remember all our customers. your blister honey filling machine model MN-82 will be tomorrow until 14:30 in Nice . 03/07/2024 02:35
Run through the order. V-shaped mixer for powders VM-50 and Mechanical tablet press PP-28 are waiting. 03/07/2024 02:44
Lucas, Checking delivery status. The shipment is already in Porto warehouse. Please arrange for pickup. 03/07/2024 02:48
Roman, our company bought VL-100 V-shaped powder mixer, but it is not enough for us, can we return it and exchange it for V-300 model? 03/07/2024 02:54
Ruby, good afternoon. When we corresponded with you, I warned you that this is a model with a small load. Unfortunately we can not pick up the equipment. As an option, we will offer our customers with a discount. 03/07/2024 02:57
Dear Roman, how are you doing? Our company bought more than a year ago a filling and capping machine for penicillin vials, model XL-10. We got financing this year and want the same machine. Will you give us a discount? 03/07/2024 03:04
Amelia, thank you. We're doing great. Of course we will give a discount to the regular customer. Delivery of equipment also in Pittsburgh ? Contact Natalia, she will send the contract and invoice. 03/07/2024 03:08
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES