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One of the most important factors is the intended use of the product, which determines the conditions under which the encapsulated substance is used and its properties are manifested. This determines the choice of film-forming material and the resulting choice of microencapsulation medium. Slow release of the substance by diffusion requires the use of a film-forming material that swells rather than dissolves in the medium in which the microcapsules are used. On the other hand, rapid release can be achieved by selecting a film-forming material that is soluble, meltable or brittle. A further factor is the stability and solubility of the encapsulated substance under microencapsulation conditions. The instability of many substances even at a slight increase in temperature (enzymes, some vitamins, volatile liquids) limits the possibility of using methods involving heating. Methods based on the separation of liquid phases (methods of formation of a new phase from solutions) can be an alternative in this case. In this case, the properties of the substance will determine the choice of dispersion medium and dispersed phase. Of great importance is the cost of the process, so preference is given to methods involving a smaller number of stages and carried out in a continuous mode. The required size of the microcapsules, the content of the encapsulated substance and the efficiency of microencapsulation are also important factors. The above classification of microencapsulation methods, which is based on the nature of the processes occurring during microencapsulation, is rather conventional. In practice, a combination of different methods is often used. Below we will consider the most frequently used in the chemical-pharmaceutical industry methods of microencapsulation.
Pharmaceutical Glossary
Technical specifications
The main component of microcapsules – the substance to be encapsulated – can be in any aggregate state – liquid, solid, gaseous. The existing methods provide the possibility of microencapsulation of both lyophilic and lyophobic substances. The contents of microcapsules may include an inert filler, which is the medium in which the substance was dispersed in the process of microencapsulation, or is necessary for the subsequent functioning of the active substance. The content of the encapsulated substance in the microcapsules is typically 50-95% of the weight of the capsules. This value may vary depending on the technology and conditions of production, the required ratio of shell material and encapsulated substance, as well as on other process parameters: temperature, degree of dispersion, viscosity of the medium, presence of surfactants, etc. The term “microcapsules” or “nanocapsules” can refer to many different structures. One can use molecules within which the active ingredient is trapped, as well as complexes of complex molecules from which nanocapsules or nanospheres are formed. Nanoencapsulation is said to occur when the size of the molecules is less than a few micrometers. When the size of the molecules is less than one millimeter, we speak of microencapsulation. Different classes of substances can be used as shell material or encapsulating matrix: Waxes and lipids: beeswax, candelilla and carnuba waxes, wax emulsions, glycerol distearate, natural and modified fats. Proteins: gelatin, wheat proteins, soy proteins, zein, gluten, etc. Both proteins themselves and their modifications are used. Carbohydrates: starches, maltodextrins, chitosan, sucrose, glucose, ethyl cellulose, acetate cellulose, alginates, etc.
Additional information
Degradable polymers: polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, polybutadiene, etc. The choice of material of shells or encapsulating matrix depends on the purpose, properties and method of release of the encapsulating agent, as well as on the chosen method of microencapsulation. The contents of microcapsules can be released by mechanical destruction of the shells under pressure, by friction, ultrasonic action, melting, by rupture from the inside by vapors or gaseous substances released under changing external conditions, by interaction of the shell substance with the medium when dissolved in it, as well as by diffusion of the contents when the capsule walls swell in the surrounding liquid. Existing methods of microencapsulation can be divided into three main groups: Physical methods of microencapsulation are based on methods of forming shells by mechanical techniques. This group of methods includes fluidized bed coating, extrusion using centrifuges or through tube-in-tube forming devices, vapor condensation (vacuum spraying). Chemical methods are based on chemical transformations leading to film-forming material, namely – formation of a new phase by cross-linking of polymers, poly condensation and polymerization. Both high molecular weight substances (oligomers or polymers) and low molecular weight substances can be subjected to chemical transformations. Physicochemical methods include coacervation, precipitation of film-forming polymer from aqueous medium by adding a component that reduces its solubility, formation of a new phase by temperature change, evaporation of a volatile solvent, solidification of melts in liquid media, extraction substitution, spray drying, and physical adsorption. When selecting a microencapsulation method, several major factors must be considered.
Order status tracking
The MZ-10 expiration date and date handheld printer has still not been delivered. The driver did not answer and dropped calls yesterday. 25/04/2025 16:28
Hello Sofia, Transportation has advised that closer to evening driver will definitely deliver the box to your address. We apologize. 25/04/2025 16:32
Roman, our company bought VL-100 V-shaped powder mixer, but it is not enough for us, can we return it and exchange it for V-300 model? 25/04/2025 16:38
Chloe, good afternoon. When we corresponded with you, I warned you that this is a model with a small load. Unfortunately we can not pick up the equipment. As an option, we will offer our customers with a discount. 25/04/2025 16:42
Who to contact for shipment tracking ? NJ-40 automatic capsule machine in Stockton 25/04/2025 16:48
Hello Joseph, The shipments are carried by a transportation company. Natalia coordinates this delivery. We will contact you when the shipment arrives to you. 25/04/2025 16:50
HX-6 Plastic Tube Filling and Sealing Machine in Budapest? Price delivery terms and conditions 25/04/2025 16:58
David, good afternoon, we have received your request by email. In 15 minutes we will send you our quotation for this model of equipment. 25/04/2025 17:02
HX-6 Plastic Tube Filling and Sealing Machine in Madrid? Price delivery terms and conditions 25/04/2025 17:08
Lily, good afternoon, we have received your request by email. In 15 minutes we will send you our quotation for this model of equipment. 25/04/2025 17:11
Dear Roman, good afternoon, vacuum powder conveyors QV-05 in quantity of 4 pieces, already on their way to Tournai ? 25/04/2025 17:18
Good afternoon, Jayden! Our manager has sent a scan of the bill of lading to your email. The shipment is on its way. 25/04/2025 17:22
Horizontal granulator for organic fertilizers JU-80, the price is up to date ? Delivery time to Dubrovnik? Urgent. 25/04/2025 17:28
Emilia, Please read carefully the description of this model in our catalog. Prices are current. Timing 1-1.5 months. 25/04/2025 17:32
Vacuum lyophilic freeze dryer LG-30, can we get faster than the contract ? 25/04/2025 17:38
Hello Ava, Shipments go through several time stages. Manufacturing, delivery from the factory to the warehouse in Beijing or Shanghai, waiting for batch collection, customs clearance and delivery. It's hard to predict. 25/04/2025 17:41
Automatic blister packaging machine for PVC+cardboard LW-35 with delivery to Milwaukee. We want to track the delivery status. 25/04/2025 17:48
Ethan, hello. The shipment has already arrived. Now it is in the warehouse of the transportation company. Your manager will contact you to clarify the time of delivery to your city. 25/04/2025 17:50
Have you received payment from our company ? When can we expect delivery ? Please specify realistic terms. 25/04/2025 17:58
Good afternoon Emily, You paid a few hours ago. We told you that the delivery time is 30 to 45 days. as stipulated in the contract we will get a reply from the manufacturer on the final time frame. 25/04/2025 18:01
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES