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СATALOGUE / TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POWDERS / Technological properties of powdered medicine substances

Technological properties of powdered medicine substances

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СATALOGUE / TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POWDERS / Technological properties of powdered medicine substances

Technological properties of powdered medicine substances

Technological properties of powdered medicine substances depend on their physicochemical properties. Fractional (particle size distribution) composition is the size distribution of powder particles. Fractional composition has a certain influence on the degree of bulkiness, hence, on the rhythmic operation of tablet machines, on the stability of the mass of tablets, the accuracy of dosage of medicine, on the qualitative characteristics of tablets (appearance, disintegration, strength, etc.). Studies of the fractional composition of pharmaceutical powders subject to tabletting have shown that most of them contain a fine fraction (less than 20 microns) and therefore have poor friability.
They are poorly dosed by volume on tabletting machines, and tablets are not uniform in mass and strength. The fractional composition of powders can be changed by directional granulation to produce a certain number of coarse fractions.
Granulated powders usually have a lumpy appearance with a relatively equiaxed shape and tend to contain a high percentage of the finest particles (less than 50 microns).This is due to the wet granulation process, which involves repeated mixing and powdering. The mixing and powdering process not only introduces a large number of fine particles into the mixture, but also pulverizes it.
Non-granulated powders are characterized by their polyfractional composition and complex shape. The average particle size of non-granulated powders is 30 to 120 microns.
As practice shows, for pharmaceutical production it is more indicative to characterize all significant fractions of the powder in order to make a conclusion about the possibility of its use in the technology of this or that medicine.
For example, with the help of conducted researches at JSC “Chemical-Pharmaceutical Combine “AKRIHIN” the fractional composition of substances used in production was determined by microscopy (particles smaller than 100 microns) and sieve analysis (particles larger than 100 microns). In sieve analysis, the material is separated into fractions by sieving through a standardized set of sieves for 5 minutes, and then the mass of each fraction and its percentage are determined.

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  • Information updated : 09 / 11 / 2024
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Depending on the bulk density, the following powders are distinguished: very heavy, heavy, medium and light. Relative density is the ratio of the bulk density to the true density. Porosity is the relative volume of free space (pores, voids) between powder particles. The powder’s ability to compress under pressure depends on these volumetric characteristics. Compaction (compression) ratio is the ratio of the height of the powder layer in the matrix to the height of the resulting tablet. The compression ability of powdered preparations is influenced by the shape of particles, the ability of the latter to move and deform under pressure. Compaction factor is a significant technological factor.
The higher the compaction ratio, the more time is spent on pressing, while more effort is also spent on pushing the tablet out of the depth of the matrix channel.

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Technical specifications

This is due to the granulation technology of the wet material, which involves repeated mixing and powdering. The mixing and powdering process not only introduces a large number of fine particles into the mixture, but also pulverizes it.
Non-granulated powders are characterized by their polyfractional composition and complex shape. The average particle size of non-granulated powders is 30 to 120 microns.
As practice shows, for pharmaceutical production it is more indicative to characterize all significant fractions of the powder in order to make a conclusion about the possibility of its use in the technology of this or that medicine.
For example, with the help of conducted researches at JSC “Chemical-Pharmaceutical Combine “AKRIHIN” the fractional composition of substances used in production was determined by microscopy (particles smaller than 100 microns) and sieve analysis (particles larger than 100 microns). When using sieve analysis, the material under study is divided into fractions by sieving through a standard set of sieves for 5 min, and then the mass of each fraction and its percentage content are determined.

Additional information

The obtained data on the shape of powder particles and their fractional composition are included in the internal quality specifications of substances. This will allow manufacturing companies to control the quality of incoming raw materials. Bulk (volumetric) density is the mass of a unit volume of freely dispersed powdery material. Bulk density is determined quite simply and can be a convenient indicator of the properties of powders, since it is a complex characteristic depending on the shape, particle size distribution, density, humidity, dispersibility of powders, their specific surface. The bulk density value can be used to predict the volume of the matrix channel of the tablet machine (see section 4.9). The bulk density is determined by freely pouring the powder into a defined volume (e.g. measuring cup) and then weighing it to the nearest 0.01 g. It is believed that bulk density affects bulkiness and can characterize it. The results of studies show that the flowability of powder improves with increasing bulk density, but this cannot be said for the finest fractions, for which the relationship between bulk density and flowability may be broken due to a sharp increase in internal friction forces.

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