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In addition to gelatin capsules, polymeric capsules are used in the pharmaceutical industry. Let us explain their use by one example. Scientists at the Faculty of Chemistry of Lomonosov USA State University proposed to give insulin in tablets instead of injections to diabetics. They developed a multilayer polymer capsule that protects insulin from the destructive action of gastric juice. This invention has largely made life easier for diabetics, as they have to take regular injections (up to several times a day) to control their blood sugar levels. But the fact that insulin breaks down quickly in the acidic environment of the stomach makes it very difficult, if not impossible, to create insulin in tablets. Scientists have found a way to protect insulin from gastric juice while preserving its properties by creating a multi-layered polymer capsule. In an acidic environment it is stable and remains intact, while in a neutral environment it gradually releases insulin. To create such a capsule, the scientists used two polymers: positively charged protamine and negatively charged dextran sulfate. They were successively layered on top of each other on the principle of “plus to minus”, forming a multilayer shell around the insulin filling, which makes up to 85% of the entire microparticle. The insulin in the protective capsule is stable at pH between 1.7 and 5, and is released at higher pH values. This pH dependence of protective polymer capsules makes it possible to create insulin in tablets. In the stomach, where the environment is very acidic, the capsules will protect the insulin molecule and prevent it from breaking down. After passing through the stomach and reaching the small intestine and ileum, where the pH reaches 6-8 units, the capsules will begin to release insulin intensively. From the small intestine, insulin can enter the bloodstream. It turns out that the capsule itself will determine where to keep the insulin closed and where to release it. The substances used to create the capsules are natural biodegradable polymers. They are easily broken down by enzymes and excreted from the body without causing any harm to health. All the above-mentioned diversity in approaches to the creation of capsule compositions and technology of their production must be taken into account in the development of drugs in the form of capsules. Each drug substance, possessing inherently specific physicochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties, requires an individual approach to the creation of a dosage form. This is taken into account by scientists in the development of encapsulated pharmaceuticals.
Pharmaceutical Glossary
Technical specifications
Currently, the capsule manufacturing process is continuously monitored by sampling at each stage of production. Parameters such as dimensions, visual defects, moisture content, color and microbiological purity are continuously monitored during production. If a defect is detected, the entire batch is withdrawn regardless of the stage of readiness. The capsules are subjected to all types of analysis once again at the end of the production process, after which the final result of the quality check is issued. In recent years, capsules with specified release properties of the active ingredient have become more and more widespread – these are intestine-soluble capsules (with release of the drug substance in the intestine) and so-called retard capsules (with prolonged release). Creation of enteric soluble dosage forms is carried out in order to prevent the release of the active substance in the stomach (to ensure the stability of the drug substance, to prevent its concentration decrease under the action of gastric juice, to reduce possible side effects, to prevent possible undesirable neutralization of gastric juice, etc.). Intestine-soluble capsules are produced by two methods: by applying film coatings to the finished and filled capsule. Special compositions are used to coat capsules, the main components of which are most often shellac, cellulose derivatives (e.g., simple or esters), polymethacrylates, copolymers (styrene and maleic acid, vinyl acetate, caproic acid, etc.), natural waxes, sodium alginate and others; intestine-soluble properties are imparted to the filler itself – intestine-soluble film coatings are applied directly to granules, pellets or microcapsules. Along with the previous method, this method is by far the most demanded in the production of enteric soluble preparations in capsule form. To give prolonged properties to capsulated drugs use technological methods of introducing special ingredients in the composition of the filler for capsules. Usually used combinations of substances that prevent the rapid release of the active components of the dosage form, among which the most used are indifferent to the human body acrylic polymers (Eudragit several brands), cellulose derivatives (microcrystalline cellulose, oxypropyl methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, etc.), some other substances.
Additional information
Currently, the dosage form in the form of gelatin capsules has become very popular with pharmaceutical manufacturers, consumers and physicians due to a number of advantages and positive characteristics. These include, among others:
High dosing accuracy of the drug substances placed in them. Modern equipment ensures high accuracy of filling capsules with filler (with a tolerance not exceeding ±3%) and minimal losses. High bioavailability. Studies have shown that capsules often disintegrate faster in the human body than tablets or dragees, and their liquid or unabsorbed solid contents are more quickly and easily absorbed. The pharmacological action of the drug substance is manifested in 4-5 min. High stability. Drug substances in capsules are protected from various unfavorable environmental factors – the effects of light, air, moisture, mechanical influences – due to the shell, which provides a sufficiently high tightness and isolation of components. Therefore, in the manufacture of capsules it is possible to avoid the need to use antioxidants or stabilizers or reduce their amount.
Corrective ability – unpleasant taste and odor of medicinal substances is eliminated, which is especially important in pediatrics. High aesthetics – achieved through the use of various dyes in obtaining capsule shells. Today, leading pharmaceutical companies use up to 1,000 different colors and shades for coloring capsule shells.
Possibility to set specific properties of drug substances – creation of intestine-soluble capsules, as well as urethard capsules (with prolonged drug release), which can be achieved by various technological methods.
Order status tracking
Dear Roman, good afternoon, vacuum powder conveyors QV-05 in quantity of 4 pieces, already on their way to Cavala ? 24/08/2024 12:45
Good afternoon, Dylan! Our manager has sent a scan of the bill of lading to your email. The shipment is on its way. 24/08/2024 12:45
Horizontal granulator for organic fertilizers JU-80, the price is up to date ? Delivery time to Copenhagen? Urgent. 24/08/2024 12:55
Carter, Please read carefully the description of this model in our catalog. Prices are current. Timing 1-1.5 months. 24/08/2024 12:58
Can your technician come to Florence? We need technologist consultation and assistance. 24/08/2024 13:05
James, We have already received your email. A technician tomorrow until 16:30 will contact you. Don't worry. 24/08/2024 13:08
We received our order (BG-150 film coating boiler) in the box there was no spraying nozzle !!! 24/08/2024 13:15
Hello Mia, we checked with the factory. Your nozzle was not received in time for the shipment of the main machine. We will now deliver it to you by DHL express mail. 24/08/2024 13:16
Roman hello, what about the automatic filling and sealing machine for sterile ampoules ABF-4D-1, invoice #101. 24/08/2024 13:25
Good afternoon, Alexander! We are making a request to the manufacturer. Tomorrow we will send photos and video of testing to your e-mail. 24/08/2024 13:28
We received our order (BG-150 film coating boiler) in the box there was no spraying nozzle !!! 24/08/2024 13:35
Hello Henry, we checked with the factory. Your nozzle was not received in time for the shipment of the main machine. We will now deliver it to you by DHL express mail. 24/08/2024 13:37
LW-35 automatic PVC+cardboard blister packaging machine has been on the road for 30 days. What news ? 24/08/2024 13:45
Hello Daniel, We are on time, tomorrow until 16:30 a driver will contact you about unloading. 24/08/2024 13:47
To what address to send you samples of bottles and caps to send them to the factory ? Regards Bella. 24/08/2024 13:55
Good day, Bella We received the same question on WhatsApp and replied there as well. Kindly provide the shipment number for tracking purposes. Thank you. 24/08/2024 13:55
LW-35 automatic PVC+cardboard blister packaging machine has been on the road for 30 days. What news ? 24/08/2024 14:05
Hello Samuel, We are on time, tomorrow by lunchtime a driver will contact you about unloading. 24/08/2024 14:06
YR-90 dry and wet powder granulator YR-90 month has already passed. Hurry up the factory. 24/08/2024 14:15
Elijah, good afternoon. The factory has shipped your equipment to our representative, now is forming a consolidated shipment for shipment to customs. We will keep you informed. 24/08/2024 14:19
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION