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Phytosterol in its structure is close to cholesterol and has its properties: 1 part of phytosterol can hold up to 12 parts of water.’In appearance, phytosterol is a white creamy mass, which is easily applied to the skin, well tolerated and recommended for those with sensitive skin. A water base containing up to 15% phytosterol is used in ointments for the treatment of eczema.
Gels of clay minerals. Found application montmorillonite deposits of Ukraine. Sodium forms of montmorillonites are so finely dispersed that they are able to form a very delicate paste when mixed with water or aqueous solutions.
Bentonites are natural inorganic polymers. They are related to clay materials. Bentonites are able to form a film on the skin that dries quickly, so they are used in protective ointments. Bentonites (especially their sodium salts) have a high swelling capacity. They have high indifferentiability, stability, ability to absorb exudate. Bentonites easily release the drug substance, provide its absorption, and can be used to obtain dry ointments-concentrates. The disadvantage of bentonites is their drying. To prevent this, up to 10% glycerin is added to the base. Protein solutions and gels. Currently, gelatin, which is a product of denaturation of collagen protein of connective tissue, is used exclusively for the purpose of obtaining protective ointments. Collagen gels. Collagen is a bioadequate polymer and represents the main protein of connective tissue. It is obtained from the skin of cattle. At a concentration of 2-5% it forms viscous transparent gels when swelling in water. Optimal rheological properties have gels of collagen at a concentration of 3%. These gels are non-toxic, absorbed and fully utilized by the body, well release drugs, have sorption ability, reparative properties and are included in ointments for the treatment of wounds. The disadvantage of collagen gels is their susceptibility to drying. To prevent this, up to 2% glycerin is added to them.
Gelatin-glycerin gel (gelatin 1-3%, glycerin 10-30%) is a transparent mass of yellowish color, which easily liquefies when rubbed into the skin. It is used for making protective ointments and skin adhesives, as it solidifies on the skin in the form of a film. The gel is applied to the hands in the melted state.
Pharmaceutical Glossary
Technical specifications
The polymer consists of glucose and has a molecular weight of up to 150. Dextran solutions are colorless and odorless substances of ointment-like consistency with high indifference and a pH of 4.5 to 6.5. Starch gels. Starch-glycerin gel is used, which is a colorless transparent homogeneous mass. It is easily distributed on the surface of the mucous membrane. Due to the presence of glycerin, this gel is resistant to microorganisms, but during storage is subject to syneresis – spontaneous reduction in the volume of the gel, accompanied by the separation of liquid. Starch-glycerin gel is excluded from the State Register, but is used in pharmacy practice.
Solutions and gels of natural and synthetic polymers represent a large group of water-soluble ointment bases. Polyethylene glycol bases have found the widest application among polymers of this group, they are included in pharmacopoeias of most countries of the world. Polyethylene glycol bases for ointments can be: separate monomers obtained by polymerization of ethylene oxide and having elastically viscous plastic consistency; a mixture of liquid and solid monomers, sometimes with the addition of any fillers.
In addition, polyethylene glycols (PEGs), also called polyethylene oxides (PEOs), can be used to prepare absorption, emulsion and other bases.
Polyethylene oxides are the product of polymerization of ethylene oxide in the presence of alkali. There are differentiated volatile (PEO-400) and solid (PEO-1500, PEO-4000) polyethylene oxides. Their consistency depends on the degree of polymerization. PEO-400 and PEO-1500 alloys are used as bases for ointments. Optimal rheological properties have an alloy in the ratio of 8:12. These bases are indifferent, resistant to heat and light, do not disrupt the physiological functions of the skin, easily release drugs and ensure their high bioavailability. They have high osmotic activity and are used in ointments for the treatment of purulent wounds (levomikol, levosin, etc.). In addition, polyethylene oxides can be used for the preparation of absorbent, emulsion and other bases. The disadvantage of polyethylene oxides is that they cause dehydration of mucous membranes.
Additional information
Solutions of oligoesters. Oligoesters are esters of polyatomic alcohols (glycerol, sorbitol, diethylene glycol, etc.) and multibasic acids (tartaric, citric, succinic, etc.). Depending on the ratio of the initial components and the degree of their condensation, products of different viscosity can be obtained: from liquid to very thick.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone gels. Polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) is a colorless amorphous hygroscopic powder, soluble in water, glycerol and polyethylene oxides. Aqueous solutions of PVP change color during storage and are subject to microbial contamination. PVP is miscible with lanolin, simple and esters, castor oil, cellulose derivatives and silicone fluids. PVP gel at concentrations up to 20% is used to prepare bases. Polyvinyl alcohol gels. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVS) is a white or yellowish powder, insoluble in ethyl alcohol. PVA is soluble in water and glycerin when heated. Aqueous solutions of PtHS are characterized by high viscosity. For ointments 15 % PVA gel is used.
Rarely cross-linked acrylic polymers (RAP) are copolymers of acrylic acid with polyalkyl polyethers of polyatomic alcohols. Abroad they are called “Carbopols” or “Carbomers”. In USA they are produced under the brand name “Arespol” or “MARS-06”. RAPs form viscous transparent homogeneous gels with maximum viscosity in the pH range from 5 to 9. They easily release drug substances and provide their high bioavailability. RAPs are absorbed through the skin and provide a prolonged effect.
Phytosterol gels. They are formed due to the ability of phytosterol to swell strongly in water, apparently due to the formation of H-bonds. Phytosterol is soluble in many organic solvents, but at the same time is able to retain significant amounts of water (12 times the initial mass of phytosterol). A gel consisting of 12-15% phytosterol and 88-85% water has been proposed as a base for ointments.
It is a white or slightly yellowish mass, which is mixed with amidochlorous mercury, zinc oxide, sulfur, ichthyol and other substances. Phytosterol is obtained from coniferous wood. The main component is B-sterol.
Order status tracking
Can your technician come to Split? We need technologist consultation and assistance. 24/08/2024 10:21
Luna, We have already received your email. A technician tomorrow until 12:30 will contact you. Don't worry. 24/08/2024 10:24
We're from New Jersey, we paid for the equipment on your invoice yesterday. Has the payment been received? How long will it take to deliver to us? 24/08/2024 10:31
Scarlett, hello. Payment is credited to our settlement account. Term of manufacture of your equipment by the factory 20 working days, delivery from the factory to our warehouse in the USA 1 month, delivery from the warehouse in Detroit 15 calendar days. 24/08/2024 10:33
Good day , Electronic conveyor belt package weight detector DK-05 when will we receive in Tallinn ? 24/08/2024 10:41
Hello Emma, your shipment is in the customs warehouse, as agreed your manager Natalia will contact you. 24/08/2024 10:43
Good day, tell me need delivery in Columbus to the settlement in the distance of 20 km. Can you organize this? 24/08/2024 10:51
Benjamin, Good afternoon, please send us an email to info@minipress.ru with the exact name of the equipment model, city, and your coordinates. We will calculate the delivery to you. 24/08/2024 10:53
Good afternoon, please confirm that in the interval from 10:00-12:00 we will receive our shipment in Venice? Contact the transportation company. 24/08/2024 11:01
Hello Avery ! Representatives of the transportation company on the delivery status of your shipment said that it will be in Venice in a few days. Please expect it. 24/08/2024 11:04
Good afternoon, please confirm that tomorrow until 16:30 we will receive our shipment in Cinque Terre? Contact the transportation company. 24/08/2024 11:11
Hello Zoey ! Representatives of the transportation company on the delivery status of your shipment said that it will be in Cinque Terre in a few days. Please expect it. 24/08/2024 11:12
PU-420 flow-pack packaging machine along with 500 kg packaging , delivery to Tempe. Please confirm the delivery time. 24/08/2024 11:21
Good afternoon Owen, your shipment has left. Arrival time tomorrow until 14:30. The driver will call you back later. Please organize prompt unloading. 24/08/2024 11:22
Remember me? There's a delivery in the Granada 24/08/2024 11:31
Wyatt, Hello! We remember all our customers. your blister honey filling machine model MN-82 will be between 12:00-14:00 in Granada . 24/08/2024 11:35
We're from New Jersey, we paid for the equipment on your invoice yesterday. Has the payment been received? How long will it take to deliver to us? 24/08/2024 11:41
Stella, hello. Payment is credited to our settlement account. Term of manufacture of your equipment by the factory 20 working days, delivery from the factory to our warehouse in the USA 1 month, delivery from the warehouse in Honolulu 15 calendar days. 24/08/2024 11:44
Hello, I will quickly ask, what about BG-80 film coating boiler and HX-7 ultrasonic machine for sealing plastic tubes, contract No. 11 ???? 24/08/2024 11:51
Logan, good afternoon! Your positions are produced by different factories, for HX-7 the factory reported that it is 90% ready, for BG-80 we are waiting for an answer in the interval from 10:00-12:00. We will report back immediately. 24/08/2024 11:55
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING
- SPRAY DRYING EQUIPMENT FOR SUSPENSIONS
- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- BOTTLE FILLING AND CAPPING EQUIPMENT
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTING AND PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN BOTTLES
- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR WASHING AND STERILIZING BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING HARD GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING CREAMS AND SEALING PLASTIC TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PRINTING LOGO ON TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPPOSITORIES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND SEALING GLASS AMPOULES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING POWDERS INTO VIALS
- EQUIPMENT FOR POLISHING AND DEDUSTING TABLETS AND CAPSULES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR COATING TABLETS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS AND CAPSULES IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM TRANSPORTATION OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR HOMOGENIZING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- POWDER GRANULATION EQUIPMENT
- AUTOMATIC PHARMACEUTICAL CENTRIFUGES
- AUTOMATIC CARTONING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING TABLETS IN STRIPS AND TUBES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VACUUM PACKAGING IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING FOOD PRODUCTS IN DOY-PACK PACKAGES
- EQUIPMENT FOR INDUCTION SEALING OF ALU FOIL BOTTLES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKING TEA INTO TEA BAGS WITH THREAD AND LABEL
- EQUIPMENT FOR WRAPPING CARDBOARD BOXES WITH CELLOPHANE
- EQUIPMENT FOR METAL DETECTOR IN GELATIN CAPSULES AND TABLETS
- FLOW-PACK PACKAGING MACHINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING LIQUIDS IN PLASTIC AND METAL BARRELS
- EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING THE EXPIRATION DATE AND BATCH NUMBER TO PRODUCTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND SORTING OF CARDBOARD BOXES WITH MEDICINE
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LABELS ON PACKAGING
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING BULK MATERIALS IN PLASTIC BAGS
- EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING AND PACKAGING HERBAL TINCTURES
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PACKAGING OF WET ALCOHOL WIPES
- EQUIPMENT FOR PACKAGING PRODUCTS IN A FLOW PACK
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING POWDERS
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES
- SEMI-AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR BLISTER PACKAGING
- PERISTALTIC PUMPS DISPENSERS
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED EMULSION PRODUCTION
- EQUIPMENT FOR POWDERING PHARMA RAW MATERIALS
- MANUAL EQUIPMENT FOR FILLING GELATIN CAPSULES WITH POWDER
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOSING OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS
- EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF MEDICINES
- EQUIPMENT FOR VIBRATING SIEVING OF POWDERS
- MACHINES PRINTING EXPIRATION DATE AND LOT NUMBER
- EQUIPMENT FOR MIXING LIQUIDS WITH MICROWAVE HEATING
- EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FISHING BOILIES
- DESKTOP EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID DOSING