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Due to the combination of spherical particles and microcrystals, lactose has good compressibility. Sometimes the addition of small amounts of substances such as aerosil, calcium silicate (aerogel) makes the mixture suitable for pressing. Thus, the optimum amount of aerosil added to improve the flowability of the mixture is 0.05-1 %. The technology of tablet production by direct pressing method is that the drug substances are thoroughly mixed with the required amount of excipients and pressed on tablet machines. At present it can be said that granulation remains the main technological operation in the preparation of substances for tabletting. But direct pressing is increasingly being introduced into pharmaceutical production due to its clear economic advantages and the emergence of modern high-speed tablet presses with high pressing forces. Sometimes the tabletting process is carried out using pellets containing the required drug and excipients. Tabletizing (pressing) on tablet machines is carried out by a press tool consisting of a matrix and two punches. The matrix is a steel disk in which a cylindrical hole with a diameter of 3 to 25 mm is drilled. The cross section of the hole is equal to the diameter of the tablet.
The matrices are inserted into the corresponding holes of the table top – the work surface. In order to increase productivity, the dies can be double and triple socketed. Punches (upper and lower) are cylindrical rods (pistons) made of chromium-plated steel, which are inserted into the holes of the matrix from above and below and provide pressing of the tablet under pressure. Pressing surfaces of punches can be flat or concave (of different radius or curvature), smooth or with transverse grooves (notches), as well as with engraved inscription. Punches can be one-piece or prefabricated. A one-piece punch is a single piece with a pusher. There are two types of tablet machines: with a resting die and a movable feed hopper; with a movable die and a resting feed hopper. The first type of tablet machines are called eccentric, or crank (by the type of mechanism that drives the punches), or percussion (by the nature of the pressing force). Machines of the second type are called rotary, turret or carousel (by the nature of the movement of the die with a system of punches). Eccentric tablet machines (as simpler in their design) appeared earlier.
Pharmaceutical Glossary
Technical specifications
However, the vast majority of drugs are not able to spontaneously fill the matrix of the tablet machine due to a significant (more than 70%) content of fine fractions and irregularities in the surface of the particles, causing strong inter-particle friction. In these cases, auxiliary agents that improve the flow properties and belong to the class of sliding agents are added. Tablets of vitamins, alkaloids, acetylsalicylic acid, phenobarbital, ascorbic acid, sodium hydrocarbonate, streptocide, and phenacetin are prepared in this way. The mentioned characteristics are very important for the control of substances used in the technology of direct pressing, especially g large quantities, because the quality of tablets in this case will directly depend on the technological parameters of the tablet mass, its friability, pressability and compactability. It is experimentally established that the lower the concentration in the tablet mass of a component, the finer its particles should be. tHe can get a homogeneous tablet mass consisting of components with sharply different particle sizes. It is known that a system consisting of two fine powders forms more homogeneous and stable mixtures than a system in which the particles of one component are larger than the other. To obtain the optimal composition of the mixture of multicomponent drugs, it is desirable to observe the following conditions: the particle sizes of individual components should correspond to their concentration, the density of substances of individual components is desirable to select close to each other, the shape of the particles should be close to spherical. If the medicinal substance is suitable for the direct pressing process, it is tabletized using the usual excipients. If the drug substance is not suitable for direct pressing when using conventional excipients, excipients with sufficient binding effect on the particles are used, or granules of the drug substance with a binder suitable for direct pressing are used. Currently, tabletting without granulation (direct pressing) is carried out by the following methods: with the addition of excipients that improve the technological properties of the material; by forced feeding of the tabletting material from the feed hopper of the tabletting machine into the matrix; pre-directed crystallization of the pressed substance.
Additional information
Pre-directed crystallization is one of the most complex methods of obtaining drug substances suitable for pressing, which consists in achieving the tabletable substance in crystals of a given bulkiness, pressability and humidity by selecting certain crystallization conditions. The result is a crystalline drug substance with crystals of isodiametric shape, freely pouring out of the funnel and therefore easily subjected to volumetric dosing, which is a prerequisite for direct pressing. This method is used to obtain tablets of acetylsalicylic and ascorbic acid. To increase the compressibility of drug at direct pressing in the composition of the powder mixture add dry binders – most often microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) or polyethylene oxide (PEO). Due to its ability to absorb water and hydrate individual layers of tablets, MCC has a favorable effect on the process of drug release. With MCC, strong but not always well disintegrating tablets can be manufactured. It is recommended to add ulypra-amylopectin together with MCC to improve tablet disintegration. Copovidone (vinylpyrrolidone copolymer) has a small particle size, which results in improved plasticity and excellent dry binding capacity. The analysis of the presented binders shows that Collidon VA 64 fine has one of the best binding effects when tablets are obtained by direct pressing. In direct pressing it is recommended to use modified starches as binders, which enter into chemical interaction with drug substances, significantly affecting their release and biological activity. Often used milk sugar as a means of improving the bulkiness of powders, as well as granulated calcium sulfate, which has good bulkiness and provides the receipt of tablets with sufficient mechanical strength. Cyclodextrin is also used, which increases the mechanical strength of tablets and their disintegration.
In direct pressing, maltose is recommended as a substance that provides a uniform filling rate and has negligible hygroscopicity. A mixture of lactose and cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone is also used. Anhydrous lactose is capable of direct pressing and has good friability. It does not lose its tabletability properties even when ground to a fine powder, although its flowability is reduced. Spray-dried lactose consists of microcrystals – particles of amorphous and vitreous structure.
Order status tracking
LB-205 horizontal automatic wet alcohol wipes packaging machine delivery status ...thank you 22/10/2024 10:06
Hello Chloe, it is too early to check the status of your order. In 30 days only the epat of production will be completed. 22/10/2024 10:09
Good afternoon, we received the PR-15 powder dispenser in plastic vials, scheduled tomorrow until 15:30 to open the box and test. 22/10/2024 10:16
Benjamin, Good afternoon. Great news, please WhatsApp +79853643808 to send photo and video report. 22/10/2024 10:17
Hello, is it possible to buy your blistering machine for tablets and capsules MN-80 1 piece with delivery to New York ( Europe) ? How much time for delivery ? 22/10/2024 10:26
Matthew, hello! We have many customers from your city. Delivery to this region is made by EMC. 22/10/2024 10:28
The BB-152 liquid filling machine arrived from you today, remember us ? Where's the paperwork? 22/10/2024 10:36
{The original shipping documents will be delivered to Saint Petersburg closer to evening. Please send the signed copies to us. 22/10/2024 10:36
Hello Roman! Thank you for the service and quality of your products. We are very happy and satisfied with the purchase! 22/10/2024 10:46
Hello Hazel, Apparently you have tested your vacuum lyophilic dryer LZY-01. Its quality is above average, it will work. We are waiting for your new applications. 22/10/2024 10:49
Natalia hello, what about the counter table tablets and capsules counter TC-10, account #121. 22/10/2024 10:56
Hello Amelia, Our manager Natalia the day after tomorrow will call you on WhatsApp. I see the tracking status, on the carrier's website, the shipment will arrive to Jurmala in 15 days. 22/10/2024 11:00
PU-250 flow-pack packaging machine, please advise delivery status. 22/10/2024 11:06
Hello Elijah, your equipment is undergoing customs clearance. Your manager Natalia will contact you tomorrow until 13:30 22/10/2024 11:07
HX-6 Plastic Tube Filling and Sealing Machine in Porto? Price delivery terms and conditions 22/10/2024 11:16
Hazel, good afternoon, we have received your request by email. In 15 minutes we will send you our quotation for this model of equipment. 22/10/2024 11:18
Mixer with paddle for powders CX-100 what is the exact packing size ? 22/10/2024 11:26
Michael, Hello! Packing dimensions 1200x640x1000 mm, packing weight 250 kg. Please let me know when you receive the shipment. 22/10/2024 11:26
LB-205 horizontal automatic wet alcohol wipes packaging machine delivery status ...thank you 22/10/2024 11:36
Hello Aiden, it is too early to check the status of your order. In 30 days only the epat of production will be completed. 22/10/2024 11:40
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- MACHINES FOR FORMING AND FILLING PLASTIC AMPOULES
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- HIGH-PRECISION DOSING MACHINES POWDER FILLING MACHINES
- AUTOMATIC EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVING TABLETS AND CAPSULES FROM BLISTERS
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- EQUIPMENT FOR SCREW FEEDING OF POWDERS
- EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOMATIC BOTTLE FEEDING FOR FILLING LINES
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