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Due to the combination of spherical particles and microcrystals, lactose has good compressibility. Sometimes the addition of small amounts of substances such as aerosil, calcium silicate (aerogel) makes the mixture suitable for pressing. Thus, the optimum amount of aerosil added to improve the flowability of the mixture is 0.05-1 %. The technology of tablet production by direct pressing method is that the drug substances are thoroughly mixed with the required amount of excipients and pressed on tablet machines. At present it can be said that granulation remains the main technological operation in the preparation of substances for tabletting. But direct pressing is increasingly being introduced into pharmaceutical production due to its clear economic advantages and the emergence of modern high-speed tablet presses with high pressing forces. Sometimes the tabletting process is carried out using pellets containing the required drug and excipients. Tabletizing (pressing) on tablet machines is carried out by a press tool consisting of a matrix and two punches. The matrix is a steel disk in which a cylindrical hole with a diameter of 3 to 25 mm is drilled. The cross section of the hole is equal to the diameter of the tablet.
The matrices are inserted into the corresponding holes of the table top – the work surface. In order to increase productivity, the dies can be double and triple socketed. Punches (upper and lower) are cylindrical rods (pistons) made of chromium-plated steel, which are inserted into the holes of the matrix from above and below and provide pressing of the tablet under pressure. Pressing surfaces of punches can be flat or concave (of different radius or curvature), smooth or with transverse grooves (notches), as well as with engraved inscription. Punches can be one-piece or prefabricated. A one-piece punch is a single piece with a pusher. There are two types of tablet machines: with a resting die and a movable feed hopper; with a movable die and a resting feed hopper. The first type of tablet machines are called eccentric, or crank (by the type of mechanism that drives the punches), or percussion (by the nature of the pressing force). Machines of the second type are called rotary, turret or carousel (by the nature of the movement of the die with a system of punches). Eccentric tablet machines (as simpler in their design) appeared earlier.
Pharmaceutical Glossary
Technical specifications
However, the vast majority of drugs are not able to spontaneously fill the matrix of the tablet machine due to a significant (more than 70%) content of fine fractions and irregularities in the surface of the particles, causing strong inter-particle friction. In these cases, auxiliary agents that improve the flow properties and belong to the class of sliding agents are added. Tablets of vitamins, alkaloids, acetylsalicylic acid, phenobarbital, ascorbic acid, sodium hydrocarbonate, streptocide, and phenacetin are prepared in this way. The mentioned characteristics are very important for the control of substances used in the technology of direct pressing, especially g large quantities, because the quality of tablets in this case will directly depend on the technological parameters of the tablet mass, its friability, pressability and compactability. It is experimentally established that the lower the concentration in the tablet mass of a component, the finer its particles should be. tHe can get a homogeneous tablet mass consisting of components with sharply different particle sizes. It is known that a system consisting of two fine powders forms more homogeneous and stable mixtures than a system in which the particles of one component are larger than the other. To obtain the optimal composition of the mixture of multicomponent drugs, it is desirable to observe the following conditions: the particle sizes of individual components should correspond to their concentration, the density of substances of individual components is desirable to select close to each other, the shape of the particles should be close to spherical. If the medicinal substance is suitable for the direct pressing process, it is tabletized using the usual excipients. If the drug substance is not suitable for direct pressing when using conventional excipients, excipients with sufficient binding effect on the particles are used, or granules of the drug substance with a binder suitable for direct pressing are used. Currently, tabletting without granulation (direct pressing) is carried out by the following methods: with the addition of excipients that improve the technological properties of the material; by forced feeding of the tabletting material from the feed hopper of the tabletting machine into the matrix; pre-directed crystallization of the pressed substance.
Additional information
Pre-directed crystallization is one of the most complex methods of obtaining drug substances suitable for pressing, which consists in achieving the tabletable substance in crystals of a given bulkiness, pressability and humidity by selecting certain crystallization conditions. The result is a crystalline drug substance with crystals of isodiametric shape, freely pouring out of the funnel and therefore easily subjected to volumetric dosing, which is a prerequisite for direct pressing. This method is used to obtain tablets of acetylsalicylic and ascorbic acid. To increase the compressibility of drug at direct pressing in the composition of the powder mixture add dry binders – most often microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) or polyethylene oxide (PEO). Due to its ability to absorb water and hydrate individual layers of tablets, MCC has a favorable effect on the process of drug release. With MCC, strong but not always well disintegrating tablets can be manufactured. It is recommended to add ulypra-amylopectin together with MCC to improve tablet disintegration. Copovidone (vinylpyrrolidone copolymer) has a small particle size, which results in improved plasticity and excellent dry binding capacity. The analysis of the presented binders shows that Collidon VA 64 fine has one of the best binding effects when tablets are obtained by direct pressing. In direct pressing it is recommended to use modified starches as binders, which enter into chemical interaction with drug substances, significantly affecting their release and biological activity. Often used milk sugar as a means of improving the bulkiness of powders, as well as granulated calcium sulfate, which has good bulkiness and provides the receipt of tablets with sufficient mechanical strength. Cyclodextrin is also used, which increases the mechanical strength of tablets and their disintegration.
In direct pressing, maltose is recommended as a substance that provides a uniform filling rate and has negligible hygroscopicity. A mixture of lactose and cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone is also used. Anhydrous lactose is capable of direct pressing and has good friability. It does not lose its tabletability properties even when ground to a fine powder, although its flowability is reduced. Spray-dried lactose consists of microcrystals – particles of amorphous and vitreous structure.
Order status tracking
Who to contact for shipment tracking ? NJ-40 automatic capsule machine in Sacramento 22/07/2024 06:11
Hello James, The shipments are carried by a transportation company. Natalia coordinates this delivery. We will contact you when the shipment arrives to you. 22/07/2024 06:15
HX-6 Plastic Tube Filling and Sealing Machine in Crete? Price delivery terms and conditions 22/07/2024 06:21
Grace, good afternoon, we have received your request by email. In 15 minutes we will send you our quotation for this model of equipment. 22/07/2024 06:23
Good day , Electronic conveyor belt package weight detector DK-05 when will we receive in Zurich ? 22/07/2024 06:31
Hello Isabella, your shipment is in the customs warehouse, in the morning your manager Natalia will contact you. 22/07/2024 06:35
When purchasing the RY-200 centrifugal type powder granulator, I asked for tests on our powder 22/07/2024 06:41
Hello Muhammad, Please send 2 kg of your raw material to the address given to you by Natalia. After the test, the engineer will inform you about the results. 22/07/2024 06:42
We have sent to info@minipress.ru photos of the damaged box with induction welding membrane machine FG-08. Please call back. 22/07/2024 06:51
Good day, Daniel! Damage to the packaging is unfortunately a common practice in transportation. Please carefully unpack the shipment and send us a series of photos. We will take a look and take action. 22/07/2024 06:51
PU-420 flow-pack packaging machine along with 500 kg packaging , delivery to Boston. Please confirm the delivery time. 22/07/2024 07:01
Good afternoon Jayden, your shipment has left. Arrival time in the morning. The driver will call you back later. Please organize prompt unloading. 22/07/2024 07:01
Good afternoon! semi-automatic liquid filling machine in barrels DF-13 , a copy of the payment is sent to the post. Start the order to work. 22/07/2024 07:11
Lucy, good afternoon! We have seen your payment, we receive SMS from the bank. Please send drawings of barrels and answers to our questions in correspondence. 22/07/2024 07:13
When is the SL-20 soft strip tablet packaging machine scheduled to be delivered to Vatican City ? 22/07/2024 07:21
Hello Aubrey, Expect the day after tomorrow. Once received, please let us know. 22/07/2024 07:24
Hello Roman! Thank you for the service and quality of your products. We are very happy and satisfied with the purchase! 22/07/2024 07:31
Hello Layla, Apparently you have tested your vacuum lyophilic dryer LZY-01. Its quality is above average, it will work. We are waiting for your new applications. 22/07/2024 07:35
Have you received payment from our company ? When can we expect delivery ? Please specify realistic terms. 22/07/2024 07:41
Good afternoon Benjamin, You paid a few hours ago. We told you that the delivery time is 30 to 45 days. In the afternoon we will get a reply from the manufacturer on the final time frame. 22/07/2024 07:44
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