Hydrophobic creams use a fat base (lanolin, petroleum jelly, stearin) to which various active therapeutic substances such as vegetable oils, vitamins, hormones, fish oil and in some cases various aromatic substances or essential oils are added. The quality of a cream is not determined by its fragrance. In some cases, fragrance substances are added to creams to suppress the odor of the fat base.
Hydrophilic creams are prepared from an oil-water or water-oil-water emulsion stabilized with suitable emulsifiers. They also include colloidal dispersed systems consisting of higher fatty alcohols or acids dispersed in water or mixed water-glycol solvents, stabilized with hydrophilic surfactants.

3. Gels by type of dispersed systems are divided into hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Hydrophobic gels (oleogels) are prepared on bases of hydrophobic solvent (vaseline or vegetable oil, etc.) and lipophilic gelling agent (polyethylene, colloidal silicon dioxide, aluminum or zinc soap, etc.). Hydrophilic gels (hydrogels) are prepared on bases of water, hydrophilic mixed or non-aqueous solvent (glycerin, propylene glycol, ethyl alcohol) and hydrophilic gelling agent (carbomers, cellulose derivatives).

4. Pastes are a mixture of fats or fat-like compounds and various powdery substances. The basis of the paste may be lanolin, petroleum jelly, glycerin, linseed oil, olive oil and other vegetable oils, and more often ‘most often – their mixtures with each other. If the medicinal substances included in the paste are less than 25%, the missing amount is supplemented with indifferent powders such as starch, talc or zinc oxide. The pastes are used mainly for the treatment of affected wet skin areas as an anti-inflammatory drying agent and also in dentistry.
5. Liniments are liquid ointments. By the nature of the dispersed medium they are divided into the following groups: fat liniments, which as a dispersed medium contain fatty oils or fat-like substances (lanolin). The most commonly used are sunflower and linseed oil; alcohol liniments, which contain alcohol or tinctures (most often tincture of chilli pepper), as well as various medicinal substances; vasoliments, which are characterized by the presence of vaseline oil. Due to the high chemical inertness of vaseline oil, vasoliments show high stability during storage; soap-alcohol liniments (saponiments), as a dispersion medium they contain alcoholic solutions of soap.

Saponiments can be liquid (if they contain potassium soap) or dense gel-like (if they contain sodium soap); liniments-solutions are transparent mixtures of fatty oils with essential oils, chloroform, methyl salicylate, ether, turpentine, which include various solid drugs soluble in prescribed solvents, such as camphor, menthol, anesthesin, etc.; liniments-suspensions are two-phase systems representing suspensions of powdery substances insoluble in prescribed liquids. ; liniments-suspensions are two-phase systems that are suspensions of powdery substances insoluble in prescribed liquids. Most often these liniments include zinc oxide, talc, xeroform, calcium carbonate, starch and sulfonamide preparations. As a dispersion medium, glycerin, fatty oils, alcohol, water, etc. are used. A classic example of a liniment-suspension is Vishnevsky liniment; liniments-emulsions are two-phase systems that can be water-oil or oil-water emulsion. They consist of a mixture of fatty oils with alkali or contain soap solutions. The advantages of liniments include their high biological activity, ease of application to the skin and rapid absorption. Disadvantages of liquid ointments are low stability of some of them and inconvenience of transportation.
6. Suppositories are general and localized. General action suppositories are designed for rapid absorption of active substances into the blood. Suppositories of local action are used mainly for the purpose of” local effect of the drug on a particular inflammatory process, to relieve pain, etc.
According to the place of application suppositories are divided into three groups: rectal (suppositories) – Suppositoria rectalia, vaginal – Suppositoria vaginalia and sticks – Bacilli.
Rectal suppositories are inserted into the rectum and are considered mainly as a medicinal form of general action. They are prescribed in disorders of cardiovascular activity, neuropsychiatric disorders, etc. Application in such cases is explained by the rapidity of the effect of the medicinal substances prescribed in the form of suppositories.
They can be in the form of a cone, cylinder with a pointed end or other shape with a maximum diameter of 1.5 cm. The mass of one suppository should be between 1 and 4 g. Vaginal suppositories are inserted into the vagina and used for local action. They can be spherical (balls) – globuli, ovoid” (ovuli) – ovula or in the form of a flat body with a rounded end (pessaries) – pessaria. The weight of suppositories should be within the range of 1.5 to 6 g.