TECNOLOGÍAS DE PRODUCCIÓN FARMACÉUTICA

Tabletas como forma de dosificación

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7950701

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Tablet (from Lat. tabella — tablet, tile) is a dosed dosage form obtained by pressing medicinal or a mixture of medicinal and auxiliary substances. Intended for internal, sublingual, implantation or parenteral use. The first information about tablets dates back to the middle of the XIX century. In España, the first large tablet workshop opened in 1895 in St. Petersburg. Tablets are one of the most common and promising dosage forms and, as mentioned earlier, currently account for about 80% of the total volume of finished dosage forms. This is due to the fact that tablets have a number of advantages over other dosage forms, namely: the accuracy of dosing of medecine injected into tablets; the portability of tablets, which provides convenience of dispensing, storage and…

Ingredientes de las cápsulas de gelatina

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7949712

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Soft gelatin capsules are a dosed soft dosage form, which consists of a shell and a drug enclosed in it. Capsules can have different shapes (round, oval, oblong, etc.), different size, color and consistency of the filler. To obtain capsule shells, various film-forming high-molecular substances are used, which are capable of forming elastic films and are characterized by a certain mechanical strength. Gelatin is the most widely used by the modern pharmaceutical industry as a forming material, so most capsules produced in the industry* are gelatin capsules.

Prensado de comprimidos en la producción farmacéutica

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7951123

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Tableting (pressing) is the process of forming tablets from granular or powdery material under pressure. In modern pharmaceutical production, tableting is carried out on special presses called tablet machines.

Capacidades modernas de las prensas de tabletas

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7951125

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Many companies producing pharmaceutical equipment are constantly working on improving the tablet presses and their components used. Recently, the company FETTE (Germany) has improved the rotary tablet press, using a segmented matrix disk instead of traditional matrices. Instead of 47 matrices and 47 screws, only 3 segments are used, which gives clear advantages, such as: high productivity — up to 311 thousand tablets per hour; less time spent to change the product — there is no need to adjust individual matrices; reduced cleaning time, as the number of parts decreases and there are no holes that are difficult to clean; lower tablet ejection force due to reduced friction against the matrix walls; increased service life by 5-6 times due to segments made of high—alloy steel...

Etapas de prensado para materiales en polvo

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7951126

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The whole pressing process is proposed to be divided into three stages: compaction (pre-pressing); formation of a compact body; volumetric compression of the resulting compact body. At the first stage of pressing, under the influence of an external force, the material particles converge and seal due to their displacement relative to each other and filling voids. The forces overcome in this case are insignificant, the seal becomes noticeable even at low pressures. The applied energy is mainly spent on overcoming internal (between particles) and external (between particles and matrix machines) friction.

Granulación en seco de polvos

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7951290

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Dry granulation is a method in which a powdery material (a mixture of medicinal and auxiliary substances) is compacted to produce a granulate. Dry granulation is used in cases where wet granulation affects the stability and/or physico-chemical characteristics of the medicinal substance, as well as when the medicinal and auxiliary substances are poorly compressed after the wet granulation process. If medicinal substances undergo physical changes during drying (melting, softening, color change) or enter into chemical reactions, they are briquetted, i.e. briquettes are pressed from the powder on special briquetting presses with large matrices (25x25 mm) under high pressure.

Aglutinantes para granulación húmeda

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7951286

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There are some requirements for the granulating liquid, one of them is that the granulating liquid should not dissolve the active substance. Water, an aqueous solution of ethanol, acetone and methylene chloride can be used as a granulating liquid. A wide range of substances are used as binding agents for wet granulation in modern pharmaceutical production, for example: starch (5-15% g/g), starch derivatives, cellulose derivatives that improve the plasticity of granules, as well as gelatin (1-3% g/ g) and PVP (3-10% g/ g). The most common and effective binder for wet granulation in the modern pharmaceutical industry is a synthetic polymer such as Collidone (PVP), various brands of which (Collidone 25, 30 and 90F) are widely represented on the market.

Etapas de preparación de materias primas para la producción de tabletas

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7950702

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For most chemical and pharmaceutical preparations, the technology of tablet production consists of the following disparate operations of weighing the starting material, grinding, sieving, mixing, granulation, tableting (pressing), coating. Some of the listed operations in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals may be absent. Three common technological schemes for obtaining tablets are most common: using wet granulation, dry granulation and direct pressing.

Estandarización de supositorios en la industria farmacéutica.

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7951114

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All manufactured suppositories must meet the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia XI: Suppositories must have a homogeneous mass. The uniformity of the suppository is checked visually on the longitudinal section by the presence or absence of inclusions, pieces of the "base, particles of various colors, other inclusions; at the same time, the presence of an air rod is permissible. Deviations in the mass of suppositories are allowed within 5%. Suppositories must have the correct uniform shape. In suppositories, medicinal substances must be precisely dosed. Suppositories should have a hardness that ensures ease of use.

Fuerza para empujar las tabletas fuera de la matriz

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7950703

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Para empujar el comprimido comprimido fuera de la matriz, se requiere gastar fuerza para superar la fricción y la adhesión entre la superficie lateral del comprimido y la pared de la matriz. Teniendo en cuenta la magnitud de la fuerza de expulsión, se predicen aditivos de sustancias antifricción (deslizantes o lubricantes). Como ejemplo, se dan los resultados de determinar las características tecnológicas de las sustancias de forma redonda. Los polvos con partículas redondeadas con un tamaño de partícula básico de más de 100 micrómetros (ranitidina g/cl, carbamazepina, fenazepam) tienen alta fluidez (8-9 g/s), alta densidad volumétrica antes y después de la compactación, pero una compresibilidad insignificante y un coeficiente de compactación pequeño. El fenazepam tiene un valor de fluidez ligeramente menor (8 g / s),...