{"id":58949,"date":"2024-01-16T11:17:01","date_gmt":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/katalog\/?p=58949"},"modified":"2024-01-16T11:17:01","modified_gmt":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","slug":"hydrophobic-bases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/pharmaceutical-production-technologies\/hydrophobic-bases\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydrophobic bases"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/span>\n\nHydrophobic,<\/span> or<\/span> lipophilic,<\/span> bases<\/span> are<\/span> chemically<\/span> heterogeneous<\/span> substances<\/span> and<\/span> their<\/span> mixtures<\/span> with<\/span> pronounced<\/span> hydrophobicity.<\/span> This<\/span> group<\/span> includes:<\/span> fat<\/span> bases;<\/span> hydrocarbon<\/span> bases;<\/span> silicone<\/span> bases.<\/span> Fat<\/span> bases<\/span> include<\/span> animal,<\/span> vegetable<\/span> and<\/span> hydrogenated<\/span> fats,<\/span> as<\/span> well<\/span> as<\/span> waxes.<\/span> Animal<\/span> fats<\/span> by<\/span> chemical<\/span> nature<\/span> are<\/span> triglycerides<\/span> of<\/span> higher<\/span> fatty<\/span> acids.<\/span> By<\/span> their<\/span> properties,<\/span> they<\/span> are<\/span> close<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> fatty<\/span> secretions<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> skin.<\/span> In<\/span> addition,<\/span> fats<\/span> contain<\/span> unsaponifiable<\/span> components,<\/span> among<\/span> which<\/span> cholesterol<\/span> predominates.<\/span> Of<\/span> animal<\/span> fats,<\/span> pork<\/span> fat<\/span> is<\/span> the<\/span> most<\/span> common<\/span> \u2014<\/span> Adeps<\/span> suillus<\/span> seu<\/span> Axungiaporcina<\/span> (depurata).<\/span> It<\/span> is<\/span> a<\/span> mixture<\/span> of<\/span> triglycerides<\/span> of<\/span> stearic,<\/span> palmitic,<\/span> oleic<\/span> and<\/span> linoleic<\/span> acids.<\/span> Pork<\/span> fat<\/span> also<\/span> contains<\/span> a<\/span> small<\/span> amount<\/span> of<\/span> cholesterol.<\/span>\nIt<\/span> is<\/span> a<\/span> white<\/span> mass<\/span> almost<\/span> odorless<\/span> with<\/span> a<\/span> melting<\/span> point<\/span> of<\/span> 34-36<\/span> \"C.<\/span> Ointments<\/span> on<\/span> pork<\/span> fat<\/span> are<\/span> well<\/span> absorbed<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> skin,<\/span> do<\/span> not<\/span> have<\/span> an<\/span> irritating<\/span> effect<\/span> and<\/span> are<\/span> easily<\/span> removed<\/span> with<\/span> soapy<\/span> water.<\/span> Pork<\/span> fat<\/span> is<\/span> easily<\/span> mixed<\/span> and<\/span> fused<\/span> with<\/span> other<\/span> fats,<\/span> waxes,<\/span> hydrocarbons,<\/span> resins<\/span> and<\/span> fatty<\/span> acids.<\/span> Due<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> stearin<\/span> content,<\/span> pork<\/span> fat<\/span> incorporates<\/span> up<\/span> to<\/span> 25%<\/span> water,<\/span> 70%<\/span> alcohol,<\/span> 35%<\/span> glycerin,<\/span> forming<\/span> stable<\/span> emulsion<\/span> systems<\/span> with<\/span> them.<\/span> However,<\/span> under<\/span> the<\/span> influence<\/span> of<\/span> light,<\/span> heat,<\/span> air<\/span> and<\/span> microorganisms,<\/span> fat<\/span> becomes<\/span> rancid,<\/span> acquiring<\/span> a<\/span> sharp<\/span> unpleasant<\/span> odor,<\/span> acid<\/span> reaction<\/span> and<\/span> irritating<\/span> effect.<\/span> Solid<\/span> pork<\/span> fat<\/span> is<\/span> capable<\/span> of<\/span> oxidation,<\/span> it<\/span> is<\/span> not<\/span> suitable<\/span> for<\/span> the<\/span> manufacture<\/span> of<\/span> ointments<\/span> with<\/span> oxidizing<\/span> agents.<\/span> Pork<\/span> fat<\/span> reacts<\/span> with<\/span> alkaline<\/span> substances,<\/span> heavy<\/span> metal<\/span> salts,<\/span> zinc,<\/span> copper<\/span> and<\/span> bismuth,<\/span> forming<\/span> soaps.<\/span> At<\/span> the<\/span> same<\/span> time,<\/span> the<\/span> ointments<\/span> darken,<\/span> become<\/span> dense<\/span> and<\/span> viscous.<\/span> Vegetable<\/span> fats<\/span> mostly<\/span> have<\/span> a<\/span> fatty<\/span> consistency,<\/span> which<\/span> is<\/span> due<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> high<\/span> content<\/span> of<\/span> glycerides<\/span> of<\/span> unsaturated<\/span> acids.<\/span> In<\/span> this<\/span> regard,<\/span> vegetable<\/span> fats<\/span> can<\/span> only<\/span> be<\/span> used<\/span> as<\/span> components<\/span> of<\/span> ointment<\/span> bases.<\/span>\nIn<\/span> their<\/span> stability,<\/span> they<\/span> are<\/span> similar<\/span> to<\/span> animal<\/span> fats<\/span> \u2014<\/span> they<\/span> become<\/span> rancid<\/span> during<\/span> prolonged<\/span> storage,<\/span> but<\/span> due<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> content<\/span> of<\/span> phytoncides,<\/span> they<\/span> are<\/span> more<\/span> resistant<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> effects<\/span> of<\/span> microorganisms.<\/span> Vegetable<\/span> oils<\/span> such<\/span> as<\/span> sunflower,<\/span> peanut,<\/span> olive,<\/span> peach,<\/span> almond<\/span> and<\/span> apricot<\/span> have<\/span> found<\/span> the<\/span> most<\/span> widespread<\/span> use.<\/span> The<\/span> advantages<\/span> of<\/span> vegetable<\/span> fats<\/span> include<\/span> biological<\/span> harmlessness,<\/span> pharmacological<\/span> indifference<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> possibility<\/span> of<\/span> penetration<\/span> through<\/span> the<\/span> epidermis.<\/span> Hydrogenated<\/span> fats<\/span> are<\/span> a<\/span> semi\u2014synthetic<\/span> product<\/span> obtained<\/span> by<\/span> catalytic<\/span> hydrogenation<\/span> of<\/span> fatty<\/span> vegetable<\/span> oils<\/span> (sunflower,<\/span> soy,<\/span> peanut,<\/span> castor,<\/span> etc.).<\/span>\n\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/span><\/span><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Hydrophobic, or lipophilic, bases are chemically heterogeneous substances and their mixtures with pronounced hydrophobicity. This group includes: fat bases; hydrocarbon bases; silicone bases. Fat bases include animal, vegetable and hydrogenated fats, as well as waxes. Animal fats by chemical nature are triglycerides of higher fatty acids. By their properties, they are close to the…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"two_page_speed":[]},"categories":[3188,2175,2188,3200,3174],"tags":[2380,2381,2372,2376,2373,2197,2378,2374,156,193,2196,43,2193,2195,2377,2370,2191,2379,155,194,2375,2198,2192,2371,2194],"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":".. Author Roman Tsibulsky","author_link":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"OINTMENT PRODUCTION LINE<\/a> PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES<\/a> PRODUCTION OF CREAMS AND OINTMENTS EQUIPMENT<\/a> PRODUCTION OF STERILE OINTMENTS<\/a> TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME OF OINTMENT PRODUCTION<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Hydrophobic, or lipophilic, bases are chemically heterogeneous substances and their mixtures with pronounced hydrophobicity. This group includes: fat bases; hydrocarbon bases; silicone bases. Fat bases include animal, vegetable and hydrogenated fats, as well as waxes. Animal fats by chemical nature are triglycerides of higher fatty acids. By their properties, they are close to the...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58949"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58949"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58949\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}