{"id":58196,"date":"2024-01-16T13:21:07","date_gmt":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/katalog\/?p=58196"},"modified":"2024-01-16T13:21:07","modified_gmt":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","slug":"production-of-hard-gelatin-capsules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/pharmaceutical-production-technologies\/production-of-hard-gelatin-capsules\/","title":{"rendered":"Production of hard gelatin capsules"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/span>\n\nAs<\/span> noted<\/span> above,<\/span> encapsulated<\/span> dosage<\/span> forms<\/span> are<\/span> becoming<\/span> increasingly<\/span> important<\/span> due<\/span> to<\/span> their<\/span> obvious<\/span> advantages<\/span> over<\/span> other<\/span> dosage<\/span> forms.<\/span> This<\/span> section<\/span> will<\/span> consider<\/span> the<\/span> technology<\/span> of<\/span> production<\/span> of<\/span> solid<\/span> gelatin<\/span> capsules,<\/span> which<\/span> are<\/span> most<\/span> widely<\/span> used<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> modern<\/span> pharmaceutical<\/span> industry,<\/span> as<\/span> well<\/span> as<\/span> the<\/span> equipment<\/span> on<\/span> which<\/span> their<\/span> manufacture<\/span> is<\/span> carried<\/span> out.<\/span> Characteristics<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> main<\/span> and<\/span> auxiliary<\/span> substances<\/span> included<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> composition<\/span> of<\/span> solid<\/span> gelatin<\/span> capsules.<\/span> To<\/span> obtain<\/span> capsule<\/span> shells,<\/span> film-forming<\/span> high-molecular<\/span> substances<\/span> capable<\/span> of<\/span> forming<\/span> elastic<\/span> films<\/span> characterized<\/span> by<\/span> a<\/span> certain<\/span> mechanical<\/span> strength<\/span> are<\/span> used.<\/span> Such<\/span> materials<\/span> include<\/span> casein,<\/span> zein,<\/span> cellulose<\/span> esters<\/span> and<\/span> esters,<\/span> fats<\/span> and<\/span> wax-like<\/span> substances,<\/span> as<\/span> well<\/span> as<\/span> some<\/span> synthetic<\/span> polymers<\/span> (for<\/span> example,<\/span> a<\/span> copolymer<\/span> of<\/span> methacrylamide<\/span> and<\/span> methacrylic<\/span> acid,<\/span> etc.).<\/span> However,<\/span> these<\/span> substances<\/span> have<\/span> not<\/span> found<\/span> wide<\/span> practical<\/span> application<\/span> for<\/span> pharmaceutical<\/span> capsules,<\/span> and<\/span> therefore,<\/span> to<\/span> date,<\/span> the<\/span> pharmaceutical<\/span> industry<\/span> produces<\/span> mainly<\/span> gelatin<\/span> capsules.<\/span>\n*<\/span> One<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> most<\/span> common<\/span> forming<\/span> materials<\/span> for<\/span> the<\/span> production<\/span> of<\/span> gelatin<\/span> capsules<\/span> is<\/span> gelatin,<\/span> a<\/span> high\u2014molecular<\/span> compound<\/span> of<\/span> a<\/span> protein<\/span> nature.<\/span>\nIt<\/span> is<\/span> a<\/span> product<\/span> of<\/span> partial<\/span> hydrolysis<\/span> of<\/span> collagen,<\/span> which<\/span> forms<\/span> the<\/span> main<\/span> part<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> connective<\/span> tissue<\/span> of<\/span> vertebrates<\/span> (bones,<\/span> cartilage,<\/span> horns,<\/span> hooves,<\/span> skin,<\/span> tendons<\/span> of<\/span> cattle<\/span> and<\/span> pig<\/span> skin).<\/span> The<\/span> protein<\/span> molecule<\/span> of<\/span> gelatin<\/span> is<\/span> based<\/span> on<\/span> a<\/span> polypeptide<\/span> chain<\/span> formed<\/span> by<\/span> 19<\/span> amino<\/span> acids,<\/span> most<\/span> of<\/span> which<\/span> are<\/span> indispensable<\/span> for<\/span> the<\/span> human<\/span> body.<\/span> The<\/span> main<\/span> ones<\/span> are:<\/span> glycine<\/span> (up<\/span> to<\/span> 30%),<\/span> proline,<\/span> oxyproline,<\/span> glutamic<\/span> acid,<\/span> arginine<\/span> and<\/span> lysine.<\/span>\nCollagen<\/span> of<\/span> bones<\/span> and<\/span> animal<\/span> skins<\/span> is<\/span> macerated<\/span> (softened<\/span> and<\/span> loosened<\/span> due<\/span> to<\/span> prolonged<\/span> exposure<\/span> to<\/span> liquids)<\/span> and<\/span> purified<\/span> with<\/span> acids<\/span> or<\/span> alkalis,<\/span> which<\/span> split<\/span> it<\/span> hydrolytically<\/span> into<\/span> practically<\/span> unbranched<\/span> amino<\/span> acid<\/span> chains<\/span> of<\/span> various<\/span> lengths,<\/span> i.e.<\/span> gelatin.<\/span> Depending<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> chain<\/span> length,<\/span> gelatin<\/span> has<\/span> a<\/span> molecular<\/span> weight<\/span> from<\/span> 40<\/span> OOO<\/span> to<\/span> 100<\/span> OOO,<\/span> the<\/span> decomposition<\/span> method<\/span> used<\/span> determines<\/span> the<\/span> nature<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> final<\/span> product.<\/span>\n\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/span><\/span><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] As noted above, encapsulated dosage forms are becoming increasingly important due to their obvious advantages over other dosage forms. This section will consider the technology of production of solid gelatin capsules, which are most widely used in the modern pharmaceutical industry, as well as the equipment on which their manufacture is carried out. Characteristics…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"two_page_speed":[]},"categories":[2175,2177],"tags":[2380,2381,2372,2376,2373,143,88,2378,2374,85,86,87,84,141,81,2377,2370,2379,39,142,2375,82,2371,83],"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":".. Author Roman Tsibulsky","author_link":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES<\/a> PRODUCTION OF GELATIN CAPSULES FOR MEDICINES<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] As noted above, encapsulated dosage forms are becoming increasingly important due to their obvious advantages over other dosage forms. This section will consider the technology of production of solid gelatin capsules, which are most widely used in the modern pharmaceutical industry, as well as the equipment on which their manufacture is carried out. Characteristics...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58196"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58196"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58196\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minipress.ru\/pharmaceutical-equipment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}